2021년 2월 17일 (수) 08:05에 Pythagoras0님의 편집

2021-02-17T08:05:50Z

Pythagoras0: /* 메타데이터 */ 새 문단

2020-12-26T12:16:16Z

메타데이터: 새 문단

Pythagoras0: /* 노트 */ 새 문단

2020-12-21T11:04:18Z

노트: 새 문단

새 문서

== 노트 ==

===위키데이터===
* ID : [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245471 Q245471]
===말뭉치===
# Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is a method of checking data for errors on both the hard disk and optical disks.<ref name="ref_56507e59">[https://www.diskinternals.com/partition-recovery/cyclic-redundancy-check-data-error-solve-it/ Cyclic Redundancy Check Data Error - All Methods to Solve It!]</ref>
# Sometimes, you can get cyclic redundancy check errors, for example, with problems with the registry, file system, or hard disk; or errors when installing any software or incorrectly configured files.<ref name="ref_56507e59" />
# Unfortunately, if you are dealing with a cyclic redundancy check data error, this is quite serious, because your data may be damaged or even deleted.<ref name="ref_56507e59" />
# Therefore, fix cyclic redundancy check errors as soon as possible.<ref name="ref_56507e59" />
# A sending device applies a 16- or 32-bit polynomial to a block of data that is to be transmitted and appends the resulting cyclic redundancy code (CRC) to the block.<ref name="ref_cbe51a5b">[https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/cyclic-redundancy-checking What is cyclic redundancy checking?]</ref>
# The ITU-TS (CCITT) has a standard for a 16-bit polynomial to be used to obtain the cyclic redundancy code (CRC) that is appended.<ref name="ref_cbe51a5b" />
# For larger transmissions, a 32-bit CRC is used.<ref name="ref_cbe51a5b" />
# This short article is not the place to explore the details of CRC computation and performance—and, furthermore, I’m not qualified to expound on that subject.<ref name="ref_2409285a">[https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/technical-articles/the-cyclic-redundancy-check-crc-findingand-even-correctingerrors-in-digital/ The Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC): Finding—and Even Correcting—Errors in Digital Data]</ref>
# It is a 16th-order polynomial, which means that the corresponding binary number is 16 bits wide and that the resulting CRC checksum will be 16 bits wide.<ref name="ref_2409285a" />
# The details of CRC-based error correction are beyond my intellectual comfort zone.<ref name="ref_2409285a" />
# A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is an Error detection and correction code commonly used in digital Telecommunications networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to raw data.<ref name="ref_de04d961">[https://en.bitcoinwiki.org/wiki/Cyclic_redundancy_check Cyclic redundancy check (CRC)]</ref>
# CRCs are so called because the check (data verification) value is a redundancy (it expands the message without adding Entropy information) and the CRC algorithm is based on Cyclic codecyclic codes.<ref name="ref_de04d961" />
# Specification of a CRC code requires definition of a so-called generator polynomial.<ref name="ref_de04d961" />
# A CRC is called an n-bit CRC when its check value is n bits long.<ref name="ref_de04d961" />
# A bit stream 10011101 is transmitted using the standard CRC method.<ref name="ref_f8d40dd1">[https://www.gatevidyalay.com/cyclic-redundancy-check-crc-error-detection/ Cyclic Redundancy Check]</ref>
# Simple checks (horizontal and/or vertical) are much less secure against burst errors than a nontrivial CRC with G of degree (typically) 16.<ref name="ref_32230a88">[https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095655846 cyclic redundancy check]</ref>
# The term longitudinal redundancy check (LRC) usually refers to a nontrivial CRC, but may apply to a simple vertical check.<ref name="ref_32230a88" />
# 6 illustrates an embodiment of a operations and functionality within a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) error correction (EC) decoder.<ref name="ref_5659a573">[https://www.google.com/patents/US8522121 US8522121B2 - Low complexity error correction using cyclic redundancy check (CRC) - Google Patents]</ref>
# 10A illustrates an embodiment of an apparatus that is operative to perform error correction using cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and redundant bit streams.<ref name="ref_5659a573" />
# 10B illustrates an embodiment of an apparatus that is operative to perform error correction using CRC and redundant bit streams.<ref name="ref_5659a573" />
# 11 illustrates an embodiment of a method for performing error correction using CRC and redundant bit streams.<ref name="ref_5659a573" />
# All Altera® Stratix series FPGAs compute the CRC during configuration and store it in registers.<ref name="ref_70ae8dee">[https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/programmable/products/fpga/features/stx-crc-about.html Stratix: Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)]</ref>
# Dedicated circuitry checks it against an automatically computed CRC.<ref name="ref_70ae8dee" />
# With this option, the CRAM CRC detection/correction runs in the background and does not require any user design or external components.<ref name="ref_70ae8dee" />
# The most widely used CRC calculations are done in a manner such that anticipated types of errors (such as transmission channel noise) are usually detected.<ref name="ref_9da6c514">[https://www.yourdictionary.com/cyclic-redundancy-check 3 Definitions of Cyclic-redundancy-check - YourDictionary]</ref>
# The important operation used to calculate a CRC is binary division, with the remainder from the division operation determining the CRC.<ref name="ref_9da6c514" />
# In fact, CRC types are often identified by a polynomial—the number used as the divisor, displayed in hexadecimal format.<ref name="ref_9da6c514" />
# A CRC is used to flag corrupt data and prevent it from being sent over the bus.<ref name="ref_345306fb">[https://www.totalphase.com/blog/2020/09/what-is-crc-cyclic-redundancy-check/ What is a CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)?]</ref>
# With today’s protocols often supporting higher bandwidths and speeds, the CRC is fundamental to keeping data clean and reliable within an embedded system.<ref name="ref_345306fb" />
# How does the CRC get generated and how does it work?<ref name="ref_345306fb" />
# Essentially, the CRC is a value calculated from a number of data bytes to form a unique polynomial key which is appended to the outgoing message.<ref name="ref_345306fb" />
# Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) is a block code invented by W. Wesley Peterson in 1961.<ref name="ref_e4be5d3c">[https://www.tutorialspoint.com/error-detecting-codes-cyclic-redundancy-checks-crcs Error-Detecting Codes - Cyclic Redundancy Checks (CRCs)]</ref>
# CRC involves binary division of the data bits being sent by a predetermined divisor agreed upon by the communicating system.<ref name="ref_e4be5d3c" />
# The communicating parties agrees upon the size of message block and the CRC divisor.<ref name="ref_e4be5d3c" />
# For example, the block chosen may be CRC (7, 4), where 7 is the total length of the block and 4 is the number of bits in the data segment.<ref name="ref_e4be5d3c" />
# The Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) is an efficient technique for detecting errors during digital data transmissions between a source and a destination.<ref name="ref_8f7250da">[http://www.latticesemi.com/en/Products/DesignSoftwareAndIP/IntellectualProperty/ReferenceDesigns/ReferenceDesigns01/CyclicRedundancyCheck Cyclic Redundancy Check]</ref>
# The destination device calculates the CRC of the received data.<ref name="ref_8f7250da" />
# If the CRC calculated by the destination device does not match the one calculated by the source device, then the received data contains an error.<ref name="ref_8f7250da" />
# The CRC is based on polynomial manipulations which treat each received message as a binary number.<ref name="ref_8f7250da" />
# A Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) is a mathematical calculation on a frame or cell that is used for error detection.<ref name="ref_9c287b8a">[https://www.infoblox.com/glossary/cyclic-redundancy-check/ What is Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)?]</ref>
# The Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) validation verifies the integrity of the data secured by the backup operations and transferred over a network, and the data stored on the media.<ref name="ref_218b0f83">[https://documentation.commvault.com/commvault/v11/article?p=8902.htm Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) Validation]</ref>
# - Scratches and dust on a disc can cause CRC error.<ref name="ref_2d332bc5">[https://support.ubisoft.com/en-gb/Faqs/000027398/Cyclic-Redundancy-Check-Error Cyclic Redundancy Check Error]</ref>
# CRC errors occur when your computer detects a discrepancy while verifying data.<ref name="ref_2d332bc5" />
# To compute the CRC, we begin by taking the value of D, 10011001, and multiplying it by 2^3, giving 10011001000.<ref name="ref_601487dc">[https://gaia.cs.umass.edu/kurose_ross/interactive/CRC.php Interactive Problems, Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach]</ref>
# In Classical CAN, a 15-bit CRC polynomial is used (x15 + x14 + x10 + x8 + x7 +x4 +x3 + x0).<ref name="ref_36c9a5ea">[https://www.can-cia.org/can-knowledge/can/crc/ CAN in Automation (CiA): Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) in CAN frames]</ref>
# Fixed stuff-bits and stuff-bit counter To improve the error detection capability, the CAN FD protocol has introduced fixed stuff-bits in the CRC field.<ref name="ref_36c9a5ea" />
# The 21-bit CRC is specified for data frames with a length of larger than 16 byte.<ref name="ref_36c9a5ea" />
# It is a powerful method for detecting errors in the received data is by grouping the bytes of data into a block and calculating a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).<ref name="ref_6cd426ca">[https://erg.abdn.ac.uk/users/gorry/course/dl-pages/crc.html Untitled Document]</ref>
# The hardware solution for implementing a CRC is much simpler than a software approach.<ref name="ref_6cd426ca" />
# The CRC register is first set to zero (or the initial value on transmission, if non-zero).<ref name="ref_6cd426ca" />
# The bits (this time including the CRC) are fed into the register on each clock cycle.<ref name="ref_6cd426ca" />
# CRC uses Generator Polynomial which is available on both sender and receiver side.<ref name="ref_a112f854">[https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/modulo-2-binary-division/ Cyclic Redundancy Check and Modulo-2 Division]</ref>
# In CRC mode, the qik expects an extra byte to be added onto the end of every command packet.<ref name="ref_1d681823">[https://www.pololu.com/docs/0J25/6 6. Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) Error Detection]</ref>
# The lower seven bits of this byte must be the 7-bit CRC for that packet, or else the qik will set its CRC Error bit in the error byte and ignore the command.<ref name="ref_1d681823" />
# The CRC implemented on the qik is the same as on the jrk motor controller but differs from that on the TReX motor controller.<ref name="ref_1d681823" />
# There are some tricks you can use in your programs to make the CRC calculation much faster.<ref name="ref_1d681823" />
# From time to time, I’ve had to implement various CRC calculations for customers for different data communications systems.<ref name="ref_e3dd11d7">[https://www.cardinalpeak.com/understanding-the-cyclic-redundancy-check Understanding the Cyclic Redundancy Check]</ref>
# CRC stands for Cyclic Redundancy Check.<ref name="ref_e3dd11d7" />
# A CRC can detect not just bit corruption, but also bit order corruption.<ref name="ref_e3dd11d7" />
# I stated it should be obvious that some CRC polynomials are better than others.<ref name="ref_e3dd11d7" />
# Definition - What does Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) mean?<ref name="ref_b563deb3">[https://www.techopedia.com/definition/1793/cyclic-redundancy-check-crc What is Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)?]</ref>
# Checksum and CRC are schemes for detecting the errors of data which occur during transmission or storage.<ref name="ref_05c8f948">[https://link.springer.com/10.1007%2F978-0-387-39940-9_1474 Checksum and Cyclic Redundancy Check Mechanism]</ref>
# Cyclic redundancy check mechanism exploits mathematical properties of cyclic codes.<ref name="ref_05c8f948" />
# Specifically, CRC uses polynomial devisor circuits with a given generator polynomial so as to obtain the remainder polynomial.<ref name="ref_05c8f948" />
# CRC can be used as a kind of checksum.<ref name="ref_05c8f948" />
# An alternative, cyclic redundancy checking (CRC), is to send a checksum with each packet of data.<ref name="ref_02baa6f8">[https://www.analog.com/en/analog-dialogue/articles/cyclic-redundancy-and-correct-data-communications.html Cyclic Redundancy Checking Ensures Correct Data Communications]</ref>
# Many Analog Devices DACs implement CRC in the form of a packet error check (PEC).<ref name="ref_02baa6f8" />
# The CRC polynomial is aligned so that its MSB is adjacent to the leftmost Logic 1 of the 32-bit data.<ref name="ref_02baa6f8" />
# The CRC polynomial is again aligned so that its MSB is adjacent to the leftmost Logic 1 of the first result, and the procedure is repeated.<ref name="ref_02baa6f8" />
# " With the cyclic redundancy check error, you can neither access files nor the storage device on your computer.<ref name="ref_96e37e73">[https://www.easeus.com/resource/fix-data-error-cyclic-redundancy-check.html Fix Data Error Cyclic Redundancy Check in 2021]</ref>
# The CRC error is an error-detecting technology used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to raw data.<ref name="ref_96e37e73" />
# Thus, it's necessary and urgent to fix the CRC error.<ref name="ref_96e37e73" />
# If your device still has CRC device error, the last effective DIY method you can try is to format the drive, resetting the file system to a readable format.<ref name="ref_96e37e73" />
# The CRC is calculated over the entire transport block that is constructed from the MAC PDU(s).<ref name="ref_ed2857e4">[https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/cyclic-redundancy-check Cyclic Redundancy Check - an overview]</ref>
# N P U S C H + N C R C is larger than the maximum code block size K c b , the bit sequence is segmented, and a 24-bit CRC is attached to each (segmented) code block.<ref name="ref_ed2857e4" />
# A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is a data verification method your computer uses to check the data on your disks (hard disks like your hard drive and optical disks like CDs and DVDs).<ref name="ref_d92847e4">[https://www.wikihow.com/Fix-a-Cyclic-Redundancy-Check-Error How to Fix a Cyclic Redundancy Check Error]</ref>
# A cyclic redundancy check error can be caused by several different issues: registry corruption, a cluttered hard disk, an unsuccessful program installation, or misconfigured files.<ref name="ref_d92847e4" />
# Regardless of the specific cause, the cyclic redundancy check error is a serious one and must be addressed to avoid potential data loss or even a total system failure system.<ref name="ref_d92847e4" />
# A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to raw data.<ref name="ref_2de50374">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_redundancy_check Cyclic redundancy check]</ref>
# This is first padded with zeros corresponding to the bit length n of the CRC.<ref name="ref_2de50374" />
# The following Python code outlines a function which will return the initial CRC remainder for a chosen input and polynomial, with either 1 or 0 as the initial padding.<ref name="ref_2de50374" />
# """Calculate the CRC remainder of a string of bits using a chosen polynomial.<ref name="ref_2de50374" />
===소스===
<references />

@@ 89번째 줄: / 89번째 줄: @@
   <references />
-== 메타데이터 ==
+==메타데이터==
 ===위키데이터===
 * ID :  [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245471 Q245471]

← 이전 판		2020년 12월 26일 (토) 12:16 판
88번째 줄:		88번째 줄:
	===소스===		===소스===
	<references />		<references />
		+
		+	== 메타데이터 ==
		+
		+	===위키데이터===
		+	* ID : [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245471 Q245471]

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2021년 2월 17일 (수) 08:05에 Pythagoras0님의 편집

Pythagoras0: /* 메타데이터 */ 새 문단

Pythagoras0: /* 노트 */ 새 문단