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	<title>이차잉여 - 편집 역사</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-05T20:15:48Z</updated>
	<subtitle>이 문서의 편집 역사</subtitle>
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		<title>2020년 11월 16일 (월) 12:19에 Pythagoras0님의 편집</title>
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		<updated>2020-11-16T12:19:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;ko&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← 이전 판&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;2020년 11월 16일 (월) 12:19 판&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;1번째 줄:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;1번째 줄:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==개요==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==개요==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 정수 &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;a&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;를 소수 &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;p&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;로 나눈 나머지가 어떤 완전제곱수를 &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;p&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;로 나눈 나머지와 같으면 &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;p&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;에 대한 이차잉여라 한다&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 정수 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;a&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;를 소수 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;p&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;로 나눈 나머지가 어떤 완전제곱수를 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;p&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;로 나눈 나머지와 같으면 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;p&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;에 대한 이차잉여라 한다&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 소수 &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;p&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;에 대하여, 이차합동식 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x^2\equiv a \pmod p&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 의 해의 개수에 관련된 문제로 볼 수 있다&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 소수 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;p&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;에 대하여, 이차합동식 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x^2\equiv a \pmod p&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 의 해의 개수에 관련된 문제로 볼 수 있다&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 두 홀수인 소수 &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;p,q&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;가 서로의 법에 대한 이차잉여가 될 조건은 긴밀히 연관되어 있으며, 이를 [[이차잉여의 상호법칙]]이라 한다&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 두 홀수인 소수 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;p,q&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;가 서로의 법에 대한 이차잉여가 될 조건은 긴밀히 연관되어 있으며, 이를 [[이차잉여의 상호법칙]]이라 한다&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l15&quot; &gt;15번째 줄:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;15번째 줄:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===군을 통한 이해===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===군을 통한 이해===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 소수 &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;p&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;에 대하여, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z})^\times&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;는 [[순환군]]이다&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 소수 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;p&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;에 대하여, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z})^\times&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;는 [[순환군]]이다&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 순환군으로서의 생성원은 [[소수에 대한 원시근(primitive root) 목록]] 항목 참조&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 순환군으로서의 생성원은 [[소수에 대한 원시근(primitive root) 목록]] 항목 참조&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 이차잉여가 이루는 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z})^\times&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;의 부분집합은 곱셈에 대한 부분군이 된다&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 이차잉여가 이루는 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z})^\times&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;의 부분집합은 곱셈에 대한 부분군이 된다&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l21&quot; &gt;21번째 줄:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;21번째 줄:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===테이블===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===테이블===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 처음 몇개의 소수에 대한 이차잉여와 비이차잉여&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 처음 몇개의 소수에 대한 이차잉여와 비이차잉여&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$$&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\begin{array}{c|c|c}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\begin{array}{c|c|c}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  \text{} &amp;amp; \text{quadratic residue} &amp;amp; \text{quadratic non-residue} \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  \text{} &amp;amp; \text{quadratic residue} &amp;amp; \text{quadratic non-residue} \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l36&quot; &gt;36번째 줄:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;36번째 줄:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  29 &amp;amp; \{1,4,5,6,7,9,13,16,20,22,23,24,25,28\} &amp;amp; \{2,3,8,10,11,12,14,15,17,18,19,21,26,27\}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  29 &amp;amp; \{1,4,5,6,7,9,13,16,20,22,23,24,25,28\} &amp;amp; \{2,3,8,10,11,12,14,15,17,18,19,21,26,27\}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{array}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{array}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$$&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==가우스 합==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==가우스 합==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;A,B&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;를 다음과 같이 정의하자&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;A,B&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;를 다음과 같이 정의하자&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A=\sum_{a\in QR} \zeta^a,\quad B=\sum_{a\in QNR} \zeta^a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A=\sum_{a\in QR} \zeta^a,\quad B=\sum_{a\in QNR} \zeta^a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;다음이 성립한다&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;다음이 성립한다&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A+B=-1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A+B=-1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A-B=\sum_{a=1}^{p-1} \left(\frac{a}{p}\right) \zeta^a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A-B=\sum_{a=1}^{p-1} \left(\frac{a}{p}\right) \zeta^a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;A-B&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;는 [[가우스 합]] &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;G(p)=\sum_{r=0}^{p-1} e^{2\pi i r^2/p}&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;A-B&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;는 [[가우스 합]] &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;G(p)=\sum_{r=0}^{p-1} e^{2\pi i r^2/p}&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l51&quot; &gt;51번째 줄:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;51번째 줄:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 7 이상의 소수 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;p \equiv 3 \pmod{4}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;를 생각하자&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 7 이상의 소수 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;p \equiv 3 \pmod{4}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;를 생각하자&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 이차수체 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;K=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-p})&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 라 두면, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;d_K=-p&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 이차수체 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;K=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-p})&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 라 두면, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;d_K=-p&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 준동형사상 &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;\chi \colon(\mathbb{Z}/d_K\mathbb{Z})^\times \to \mathbb C^{\times}&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\chi(a)=\left(\frac{a}{p}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 를 정의하자.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 준동형사상 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;\chi \colon(\mathbb{Z}/d_K\mathbb{Z})^\times \to \mathbb C^{\times}&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\chi(a)=\left(\frac{a}{p}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 를 정의하자.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;p \equiv 3 \pmod{4}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 이므로  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\chi(-1)=-1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;이고, [[디리클레 L-함수]]에서 다음을 얻는다&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;p \equiv 3 \pmod{4}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 이므로  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\chi(-1)=-1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;이고, [[디리클레 L-함수]]에서 다음을 얻는다&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;L(1,\chi)=\frac{i\pi \tau(\chi)}{p}\sum_{a=1}^{p-1}\bar\chi(a)\frac{a}{p}=\frac{i\pi \tau(\chi)}{p}\sum_{a=1}^{p-1}\chi(a)\frac{a}{p}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;L(1,\chi)=\frac{i\pi \tau(\chi)}{p}\sum_{a=1}^{p-1}\bar\chi(a)\frac{a}{p}=\frac{i\pi \tau(\chi)}{p}\sum_{a=1}^{p-1}\chi(a)\frac{a}{p}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l58&quot; &gt;58번째 줄:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;58번째 줄:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[가우스 합]]은 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\tau (\chi)=i\sqrt p&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 이므로 위의 두 값을 비교하면,  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[가우스 합]]은 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\tau (\chi)=i\sqrt p&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 이므로 위의 두 값을 비교하면,  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;h_K=\frac{\sqrt p }{\pi}\frac{i\pi\tau(\chi)}{p}\sum_{a=1}^{p-1}\chi(a)\frac{a}{p}=-\sum_{a=1}^{p-1}(\frac{a}{p})\frac{a}{p}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;h_K=\frac{\sqrt p }{\pi}\frac{i\pi\tau(\chi)}{p}\sum_{a=1}^{p-1}\chi(a)\frac{a}{p}=-\sum_{a=1}^{p-1}(\frac{a}{p})\frac{a}{p}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;p=3&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;이면 &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;-\sum_{a=1}^{p-1}(\frac{a}{p})a=-1+2=1&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;p=3&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;이면 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;-\sum_{a=1}^{p-1}(\frac{a}{p})a=-1+2=1&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 이로부터 소수 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;p \equiv 3 \pmod{4}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;에 대하여 기약잉여계 &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;\{1,2,\cdots, p-1\}&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;에서의 이차비잉여의 합이 이차잉여의 합보다 크다는 것을 알 수 있다.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 이로부터 소수 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;p \equiv 3 \pmod{4}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;에 대하여 기약잉여계 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;\{1,2,\cdots, p-1\}&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;에서의 이차비잉여의 합이 이차잉여의 합보다 크다는 것을 알 수 있다.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;p \equiv 1 \pmod{4}&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$&lt;/del&gt;이면, 다음이 성립한다&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;p \equiv 1 \pmod{4}&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;이면, 다음이 성립한다&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$$&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\sum_{a=1}^{p-1}(\frac{a}{p})a=0&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\sum_{a=1}^{p-1}(\frac{a}{p})a=0&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;$$&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Pythagoras0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.mathnt.net/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B4%EC%B0%A8%EC%9E%89%EC%97%AC&amp;diff=32463&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Pythagoras0: /* 관련논문 */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.mathnt.net/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B4%EC%B0%A8%EC%9E%89%EC%97%AC&amp;diff=32463&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-12-24T06:36:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;관련논문&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;ko&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← 이전 판&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;2015년 12월 24일 (목) 06:36 판&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l75&quot; &gt;75번째 줄:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;75번째 줄:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==관련논문==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==관련논문==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* http://arxiv.org/abs/1512.00896&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Tao, Terence. ‘The Elliott-Halberstam Conjecture Implies the Vinogradov Least Quadratic Nonresidue Conjecture’. arXiv:1410.7073 [math], 26 October 2014. http://arxiv.org/abs/1410.7073.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Tao, Terence. ‘The Elliott-Halberstam Conjecture Implies the Vinogradov Least Quadratic Nonresidue Conjecture’. arXiv:1410.7073 [math], 26 October 2014. http://arxiv.org/abs/1410.7073.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[분류:초등정수론]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[분류:초등정수론]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[분류:정수론]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[분류:정수론]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Pythagoras0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.mathnt.net/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B4%EC%B0%A8%EC%9E%89%EC%97%AC&amp;diff=30654&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>2014년 10월 28일 (화) 07:58에 Pythagoras0님의 편집</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.mathnt.net/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B4%EC%B0%A8%EC%9E%89%EC%97%AC&amp;diff=30654&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-10-28T07:58:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;ko&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← 이전 판&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;2014년 10월 28일 (화) 07:58 판&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l72&quot; &gt;72번째 줄:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;72번째 줄:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==매스매티카 파일 및 계산 리소스==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==매스매티카 파일 및 계산 리소스==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B8XXo8Tve1cxOFlYclVld0swX1k/edit&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B8XXo8Tve1cxOFlYclVld0swX1k/edit&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==관련논문==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Tao, Terence. ‘The Elliott-Halberstam Conjecture Implies the Vinogradov Least Quadratic Nonresidue Conjecture’. arXiv:1410.7073 [math], 26 October 2014. http://arxiv.org/abs/1410.7073.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[분류:초등정수론]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[분류:초등정수론]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[분류:정수론]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&#039;diff-marker&#039;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[분류:정수론]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Pythagoras0</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.mathnt.net/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B4%EC%B0%A8%EC%9E%89%EC%97%AC&amp;diff=29117&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Pythagoras0: 새 문서: ==개요== * 정수 $a$를 소수 $p$로 나눈 나머지가 어떤 완전제곱수를 $p$로 나눈 나머지와 같으면 $p$에 대한 이차잉여라 한다 * 소수 $p$에 대하...</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.mathnt.net/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B4%EC%B0%A8%EC%9E%89%EC%97%AC&amp;diff=29117&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-01-19T17:23:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;새 문서: ==개요== * 정수 $a$를 소수 $p$로 나눈 나머지가 어떤 완전제곱수를 $p$로 나눈 나머지와 같으면 $p$에 대한 이차잉여라 한다 * 소수 $p$에 대하...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;새 문서&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;==개요==&lt;br /&gt;
* 정수 $a$를 소수 $p$로 나눈 나머지가 어떤 완전제곱수를 $p$로 나눈 나머지와 같으면 $p$에 대한 이차잉여라 한다&lt;br /&gt;
* 소수 $p$에 대하여, 이차합동식 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x^2\equiv a \pmod p&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 의 해의 개수에 관련된 문제로 볼 수 있다&lt;br /&gt;
* 두 홀수인 소수 $p,q$가 서로의 법에 대한 이차잉여가 될 조건은 긴밀히 연관되어 있으며, 이를 [[이차잉여의 상호법칙]]이라 한다&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==이차잉여==&lt;br /&gt;
===예===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[합동식 (모듈로 modulo 연산)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*  소수 3에 대한 이차잉여&lt;br /&gt;
** 3으로 나눈 나머지가 1인수&lt;br /&gt;
*  소수 5에 대한 이차잉여&lt;br /&gt;
** 5로 나눈 나머지가 1 또는 4&lt;br /&gt;
* 이차잉여를 판정하는 하나의 방법은 [[가우스의 보조정리(Gauss&amp;#039;s lemma)]]를 사용하는 것이다&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===군을 통한 이해===&lt;br /&gt;
* 소수 $p$에 대하여, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z})^\times&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;는 [[순환군]]이다&lt;br /&gt;
* 순환군으로서의 생성원은 [[소수에 대한 원시근(primitive root) 목록]] 항목 참조&lt;br /&gt;
* 이차잉여가 이루는 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z})^\times&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;의 부분집합은 곱셈에 대한 부분군이 된다&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===테이블===&lt;br /&gt;
* 처음 몇개의 소수에 대한 이차잉여와 비이차잉여&lt;br /&gt;
$$&lt;br /&gt;
\begin{array}{c|c|c}&lt;br /&gt;
 \text{} &amp;amp; \text{quadratic residue} &amp;amp; \text{quadratic non-residue} \\&lt;br /&gt;
\hline&lt;br /&gt;
 2 &amp;amp; \{1\} &amp;amp; \{\} \\&lt;br /&gt;
 3 &amp;amp; \{1\} &amp;amp; \{2\} \\&lt;br /&gt;
 5 &amp;amp; \{1,4\} &amp;amp; \{2,3\} \\&lt;br /&gt;
 7 &amp;amp; \{1,2,4\} &amp;amp; \{3,5,6\} \\&lt;br /&gt;
 11 &amp;amp; \{1,3,4,5,9\} &amp;amp; \{2,6,7,8,10\} \\&lt;br /&gt;
 13 &amp;amp; \{1,3,4,9,10,12\} &amp;amp; \{2,5,6,7,8,11\} \\&lt;br /&gt;
 17 &amp;amp; \{1,2,4,8,9,13,15,16\} &amp;amp; \{3,5,6,7,10,11,12,14\} \\&lt;br /&gt;
 19 &amp;amp; \{1,4,5,6,7,9,11,16,17\} &amp;amp; \{2,3,8,10,12,13,14,15,18\} \\&lt;br /&gt;
 23 &amp;amp; \{1,2,3,4,6,8,9,12,13,16,18\} &amp;amp; \{5,7,10,11,14,15,17,19,20,21,22\} \\&lt;br /&gt;
 29 &amp;amp; \{1,4,5,6,7,9,13,16,20,22,23,24,25,28\} &amp;amp; \{2,3,8,10,11,12,14,15,17,18,19,21,26,27\}&lt;br /&gt;
\end{array}&lt;br /&gt;
$$&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==가우스 합==&lt;br /&gt;
* $A,B$를 다음과 같이 정의하자&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A=\sum_{a\in QR} \zeta^a,\quad B=\sum_{a\in QNR} \zeta^a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
다음이 성립한다&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A+B=-1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;A-B=\sum_{a=1}^{p-1} \left(\frac{a}{p}\right) \zeta^a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* $A-B$는 [[가우스 합]] $G(p)=\sum_{r=0}^{p-1} e^{2\pi i r^2/p}$&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==디리클레 유수 공식의 응용==&lt;br /&gt;
* 7 이상의 소수 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;p \equiv 3 \pmod{4}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;를 생각하자&lt;br /&gt;
* 이차수체 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;K=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-p})&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 라 두면, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;d_K=-p&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* 준동형사상 $\chi \colon(\mathbb{Z}/d_K\mathbb{Z})^\times \to \mathbb C^{\times}$, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\chi(a)=\left(\frac{a}{p}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 를 정의하자.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;p \equiv 3 \pmod{4}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 이므로  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\chi(-1)=-1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;이고, [[디리클레 L-함수]]에서 다음을 얻는다&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;L(1,\chi)=\frac{i\pi \tau(\chi)}{p}\sum_{a=1}^{p-1}\bar\chi(a)\frac{a}{p}=\frac{i\pi \tau(\chi)}{p}\sum_{a=1}^{p-1}\chi(a)\frac{a}{p}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* 한편, [[이차 수체에 대한 디리클레 유수 (class number) 공식]]에서 다음을 얻는다&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;L(1,\chi)=\frac{\pi h_K}{\sqrt p}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[가우스 합]]은 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\tau (\chi)=i\sqrt p&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; 이므로 위의 두 값을 비교하면, &lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;h_K=\frac{\sqrt p }{\pi}\frac{i\pi\tau(\chi)}{p}\sum_{a=1}^{p-1}\chi(a)\frac{a}{p}=-\sum_{a=1}^{p-1}(\frac{a}{p})\frac{a}{p}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* $p=3$이면 $-\sum_{a=1}^{p-1}(\frac{a}{p})a=-1+2=1$&lt;br /&gt;
* 이로부터 소수 &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;p \equiv 3 \pmod{4}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;에 대하여 기약잉여계 $\{1,2,\cdots, p-1\}$에서의 이차비잉여의 합이 이차잉여의 합보다 크다는 것을 알 수 있다.&lt;br /&gt;
* $p \equiv 1 \pmod{4}$이면, 다음이 성립한다&lt;br /&gt;
$$&lt;br /&gt;
\sum_{a=1}^{p-1}(\frac{a}{p})a=0&lt;br /&gt;
$$&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==관련된 항목들==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[이차잉여의 상호법칙]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==매스매티카 파일 및 계산 리소스==&lt;br /&gt;
* https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B8XXo8Tve1cxOFlYclVld0swX1k/edit&lt;br /&gt;
[[분류:초등정수론]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[분류:정수론]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Pythagoras0</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>