2021년 2월 17일 (수) 08:36에 Pythagoras0님의 편집

2021-02-17T08:36:01Z

Pythagoras0: /* 메타데이터 */ 새 문단

2020-12-26T12:40:18Z

메타데이터: 새 문단

Pythagoras0: /* 노트 */ 새 문단

2020-12-17T10:06:00Z

노트: 새 문단

새 문서

== 노트 ==

* In this case the transistor operates as a switch: if a current flows, the circuit involved is on, and if not, it is off.<ref name="ref_eb7a">[https://www.britannica.com/technology/transistor transistor | Definition & Uses]</ref>
* Similar applications of transistors occur in the complex switching circuits used throughout modern telecommunications systems.<ref name="ref_eb7a" />
* The transistor is a semiconductor device which transfers a weak signal from low resistance circuit to high resistance circuit.<ref name="ref_7735">[https://circuitglobe.com/transistor.html What is Transistor? Definition, Symbol, Terminals & Operating Condition]</ref>
* The transistor consists two PN diode connected back to back.<ref name="ref_7735" />
* These names are given as per the common terminal of the transistor.<ref name="ref_7735" />
* Similarly, if the material has one layer of N-type material and two layers of P-type material then it is called PNP transistor.<ref name="ref_7735" />
* The most advanced transistors work by controlling the movements of individual electrons, so you can imagine just how small they are.<ref name="ref_303c">[https://www.explainthatstuff.com/howtransistorswork.html How do transistors work?]</ref>
* In a modern computer chip, the size of a fingernail, you'll probably find between 500 million and two billion separate transistors.<ref name="ref_303c" />
* There's no chance of taking a transistor apart to find out how it works, so we have to understand it with theory and imagination instead.<ref name="ref_303c" />
* A transistor is a miniature electronic component that can do two different jobs.<ref name="ref_303c" />
* For information on the operation and use of transistors in circuits please see the transistor circuits page.<ref name="ref_1c07">[https://electronicsclub.info/transistors.htm types, connecting, soldering, testing, choosing, heat sinks]</ref>
* There are two types of standard (bipolar junction) transistors, NPN and PNP, with different circuit symbols as shown.<ref name="ref_1c07" />
* The letters refer to the layers of semiconductor material used to make the transistor.<ref name="ref_1c07" />
* Most transistors used today are NPN because this is the easiest type to make from silicon.<ref name="ref_1c07" />
* A transistor is a type of a semiconductor device that can be used to both conduct and insulate electric current or voltage.<ref name="ref_96a1">[https://byjus.com/jee/transistor/ Definition, Working Principle, Types, Transistor Diagram]</ref>
* A transistor basically acts as a switch and an amplifier.<ref name="ref_96a1" />
* PNP transistor consists of 2 crystal diodes which are connected in series.<ref name="ref_96a1" />
* In this transistor, we will find one p-type material that is present between two n-type materials.<ref name="ref_96a1" />
* The common emitter amplifier configuration produces the highest current and power gain of all the three bipolar transistor configurations.<ref name="ref_d3ca">[https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/transistor/tran_1.html Bipolar Transistor Tutorial, The BJT Transistor]</ref>
* A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a type of transistor that uses both electrons and electron holes as charge carriers.<ref name="ref_3d83">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_junction_transistor Bipolar junction transistor]</ref>
* In contrast, a unipolar transistor, such as a field-effect transistor, use only one kind of charge carrier.<ref name="ref_3d83" />
* The superior predictability and performance of junction transistors soon displaced the original point-contact transistor.<ref name="ref_3d83" />
* It is typically greater than 50 for small-signal transistors, but can be smaller in transistors designed for high-power applications.<ref name="ref_3d83" />
* A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power.<ref name="ref_b64a">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor Transistor]</ref>
* Because the controlled (output) power can be higher than the controlling (input) power, a transistor can amplify a signal.<ref name="ref_b64a" />
* Most transistors are made from very pure silicon, and some from germanium, but certain other semiconductor materials are sometimes used.<ref name="ref_b64a" />
* Compared with the vacuum tube, transistors are generally smaller and require less power to operate.<ref name="ref_b64a" />
* On a bi-polar junction transistor (BJT), those pins are labeled collector (C), base (B), and emitter (E).<ref name="ref_8ab6">[https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/transistors/all learn.sparkfun.com]</ref>
* Let's look briefly under the hood of a transistor.<ref name="ref_8ab6" />
* (This model is useful if you need to test a transistor.<ref name="ref_8ab6" />
* : a transistor is like a water valve -- a mechanism we can use to control the flow rate.<ref name="ref_8ab6" />
* To overcome these problems, John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley were invented a transistor at Bell Labs in the year of 1947.<ref name="ref_1003">[https://www.elprocus.com/transistors-basics-types-baising-modes/ Types, Baising Modes and Advantages]</ref>
* The transistor is a semiconductor device that can both conduct and insulate.<ref name="ref_1003" />
* A transistor can act as a switch and an amplifier.<ref name="ref_1003" />
* The first transistor was fabricated with germanium.<ref name="ref_1003" />
* It can either be a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) or a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET).<ref name="ref_83dd">[https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/transistors Transistors - an overview]</ref>
* • General purpose, small-signal transistors are designed for low- to mediumpower (under 1 W) operation or for switching applications.<ref name="ref_83dd" />
* The BJT is either an NPN or a PNP transistor, shown in Figure 8.40, with three terminals, the base, collector, and emitter.<ref name="ref_83dd" />
* The MOSFET is either an nMOS or pMOS transistor, shown in Figure 8.41, with three terminals, the gate, drain, and source.<ref name="ref_83dd" />
* But transistors are also widely used within integrated circuits.<ref name="ref_31e8">[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/electronic_components/transistor/how-does-a-transistors-works-basics-tutorial.php What is a Transistor: How Does It Work]</ref>
* A bipolar transistor needs to be differentiated from a field effect transistor.<ref name="ref_31e8" />
* Note on Transistor Circuit Design: The transistor is a three terminal device which offers current gain.<ref name="ref_31e8" />
* There are three configurations that cna be used for a transistor: common emitter, common collector and common base.<ref name="ref_31e8" />
* The transistor is small and uses much, much less power than the vacuum tube.<ref name="ref_2d74">[https://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/transist.htm History of the Transistor]</ref>
* The transistor was successfully demonstrated on December 23, 1947 at Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey.<ref name="ref_2d74" />
* The three individuals credited with the invention of the transistor were William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain.<ref name="ref_2d74" />
* What Bardeen and Brattain had created was the "point-contact" transistor.<ref name="ref_2d74" />
* For an example, we will show how an NPN transistor works.<ref name="ref_436b">[https://www.digikey.com/en/articles/transistor-basics Transistor Basics: NPN & PNP Using 2N3904, 2N3906, 2N2222, and 2N2907]</ref>
* This graphical representation illustrates how a transistor functions.<ref name="ref_436b" />
* Determine if you want to bias or energize your transistor switch with positive or negative current (i.e. NPN or PNP type, respectively).<ref name="ref_436b" />
* An NPN transistor is driven (or turned on) by positive current biased at the base to control the current flow from Collector to Emitter.<ref name="ref_436b" />
* Some transistors contains fourth terminal also i.e. substrate (S).<ref name="ref_bcec">[https://www.electronicshub.org/transistors-classification-and-types/ Junction Transistors and FETs]</ref>
* The transistors classification can be understood by observing the above tree diagram.<ref name="ref_bcec" />
* The BJTs are again classified into NPN and PNP transistors.<ref name="ref_bcec" />
* Junction FET transistors are classified into N-channel JFET and P-channel JFET depending on their function.<ref name="ref_bcec" />
* The diagram below shows the symbol of an NPN transistor.<ref name="ref_3089">[https://technologystudent.com/elec1/transis1.htm Transistor Basics]</ref>
* This brief introduction outlines personalities and organizations involved in the history of the transistor.<ref name="ref_8a59">[http://www.pbs.org/transistor/album1/ An Outline of the History of the Transistor]</ref>
* His device, the junction (sandwich) transistor, was developed in a burst of creativity and anger, mostly in a hotel room in Chicago.<ref name="ref_8a59" />
* His device was more rugged and more practical than Bardeen and Brattain's point-contact transistor , and much easier to manufacture.<ref name="ref_8a59" />
* In the 1950s and 1960s, most U.S. companies chose to focus their attentions on the military market in producing transistor products.<ref name="ref_8a59" />
* Bipolar transistors are a type of transistor composed of pn junctions, which are also called bipolar junction transistors (BJTs).<ref name="ref_7ea2">[https://toshiba.semicon-storage.com/ap-en/semiconductor/knowledge/faq/mosfet_common/what-is-a-bipolar-transistor.html What is a bipolar transistor?]</ref>
* The transistors made at Bell Labs were initially made from the element germanium.<ref name="ref_b665">[https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/transistor1.htm How Transistors Work]</ref>
* To work properly, transistors require pure semiconductor materials.<ref name="ref_b665" />
* Full-fledged transistors were the next step.<ref name="ref_b665" />
* But once the technology caught on, germanium transistors were in widespread use for more than 20 years.<ref name="ref_b665" />
* A transistor is a device that regulates current or voltage flow and acts as a switch or gate for electronic signals.<ref name="ref_c654">[https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/transistor Definition from WhatIs.com]</ref>
* A transistor regulates current or voltage flow and acts as a switch or gate for electronic signals.<ref name="ref_c654" />
* A transistor consists of three layers of a semiconductor material, each capable of carrying a current.<ref name="ref_c654" />
* CMOS uses two complementary transistors per gate (one with N-type material; the other with P-type material).<ref name="ref_c654" />
* In a digital circuit, a transistor is an on/off switch that is conductive when pulsed with electricity.<ref name="ref_1a5a">[https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/transistor Definition of transistor]</ref>
* Most of the transistors in every chip on the wafer are created at the same time.<ref name="ref_1a5a" />
* In 1954, Texas Instruments pioneered production of discrete transistors on a commercial scale.<ref name="ref_1a5a" />
* About a quarter inch square, this amount of space can hold trillions of transistors today.<ref name="ref_1a5a" />
* However, further down-scaling of transistors has stalled mainly due to power consumption1.<ref name="ref_b8ed">[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-019-0623-7 Thickness-controlled black phosphorus tunnel field-effect transistor for low-power switches]</ref>
* the list of our certified STPOWER transistors and modules here.<ref name="ref_79b9">[https://www.st.com/en/power-transistors.html STPOWER power transistors]</ref>
* Graphene based Van der Waals contacts on MoS 2 field effect transistors.<ref name="ref_2601">[https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/nn501723y Field-Effect Transistors Built from All Two-Dimensional Material Components]</ref>
* Impact of electron–phonon scattering on the strain-induced current-blocking effect in graphene field-effect transistors.<ref name="ref_2601" />
* Selective etching in graphene–MoS 2 heterostructures for fabricating graphene-contacted MoS 2 transistors.<ref name="ref_2601" />
* Graphene surface contacts of tin disulfide transistors for switching performance improvement and contact resistance reduction.<ref name="ref_2601" />
* This type of connection offers two types of transistors.<ref name="ref_3345">[https://www.tutorialspoint.com/amplifiers/transistor_overview.htm Tutorialspoint]</ref>
* The three terminals drawn from the transistor indicate Emitter, Base and Collector terminals.<ref name="ref_3345" />
* The arrow-head in the above figures indicated the emitter of a transistor.<ref name="ref_3345" />
* As the collector of a transistor has to dissipate much greater power, it is made large.<ref name="ref_3345" />
* At their core, transistors amplify power.<ref name="ref_e992">[https://learn.adafruit.com/transistors-101 Adafruit Learning System]</ref>
* Without the famous transistor, none of these modern marvels would have ever been possible!<ref name="ref_36dd">[https://www.autodesk.com/products/eagle/blog/transistors-world-modern-electrons/ Transistors - The World of Modern Electrons]</ref>
* The transistor has been compared to the simple switch, but don’t be deceived; it’s much more than that.<ref name="ref_36dd" />
* A transistor can take a small current and turn it into a huge one!<ref name="ref_36dd" />
* When current can’t flow through, then the transistor is in an “off” state, or 0.<ref name="ref_36dd" />
* In a transistor, a signal tells the device to either conduct or insulate, thereby enabling or disabling the flow of electricity.<ref name="ref_3a9a">[https://www.livescience.com/46021-what-is-a-transistor.html What is a Transistor?]</ref>
* By introducing an electric signal to a transistor, electric fields are created that force holes and electrons to swap places.<ref name="ref_3a9a" />
* This allows regions of the transistor that normally insulate to conduct (or vice versa).<ref name="ref_3a9a" />
* The first “point-contact” transistor appeared in 1947 thanks to the work of John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley.<ref name="ref_3a9a" />
* The first type of transistor successfully demonstrated was a current-controlled device.<ref name="ref_97ba">[https://wiki.analog.com/university/courses/electronics/text/chapter-8 Chapter 8: Transistors [Analog Devices Wiki]]</ref>
* This parameter of a transistor is called transconductance and gm is the common usage.<ref name="ref_97ba" />
* A more complete complex mathematical model of the real physical transistor is shown in figure 8.1.5.<ref name="ref_97ba" />
* There are four transistor types that correspond to these basic active device models.<ref name="ref_97ba" />
* A signal of small amplitude if applied to the base is available in the amplified form at the collector of the transistor.<ref name="ref_d4d6">[https://www.electrical4u.com/bipolar-junction-transistor-or-bjt-n-p-n-or-p-n-p-transistor/ Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT): What is it & How Does it Work?]</ref>
* -n-p bipolar junction transistor (or pnp transistor), an n-type semiconductor is sandwiched between two p-type semiconductors.<ref name="ref_d4d6" />
* As a transistor has two p-n junctions, it is equivalent to two diodes connected back to back.<ref name="ref_d4d6" />
* As we know for p-n-p transistors Iand Vare positive and I, I, Vare negative.<ref name="ref_d4d6" />
===소스===
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 * ID :  [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339 Q5339]

← 이전 판		2020년 12월 26일 (토) 12:40 판
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		+	* ID : [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339 Q5339]

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2021년 2월 17일 (수) 08:36에 Pythagoras0님의 편집

Pythagoras0: /* 메타데이터 */ 새 문단

Pythagoras0: /* 노트 */ 새 문단