2021년 2월 17일 (수) 08:19에 Pythagoras0님의 편집

2021-02-17T08:19:31Z

Pythagoras0: /* 메타데이터 */ 새 문단

2020-12-26T12:23:26Z

메타데이터: 새 문단

Pythagoras0: /* 노트 */ 새 문단

2020-12-21T08:59:27Z

노트: 새 문단

새 문서

== 노트 ==

===위키데이터===
* ID : [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1968605 Q1968605]
===말뭉치===
# and SHA-512/t (including SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256).<ref name="ref_a7484740">[https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/npm/package/sha2 Package]</ref>
# For SHA-512/t (t must satisfy 1 ≤ t ≤ 511 and t ≠ 384.<ref name="ref_a7484740" />
# Making a hash of a password with one of the algorithms of the SHA-2 family and keeping it, is not recommended.<ref name="ref_a7484740" />
# The 256 in SHA-256 represents the bit size of the hash output or digest when the hash function is performed.<ref name="ref_6e2b7c95">[https://www.posdigicert.com.my/support/faq-kb Pos Digicert Sdn Bhd]</ref>
# Not all software supports every digest size within the SHA-2 family.<ref name="ref_6e2b7c95" />
# Most browsers, platforms, mail clients, and mobile devices already support SHA-2.<ref name="ref_6e2b7c95" />
# However, some older operating systems such as Windows XP pre-SP3 do not support SHA-2 encryption.<ref name="ref_6e2b7c95" />
# The second version of SHA, called SHA-2, has many variants.<ref name="ref_d291847c">[https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/md5-vs-sha-1-vs-sha-2-which-is-the-most-secure-encryption-hash-and-how-to-check-them/ MD5 vs SHA-1 vs SHA-2 - Which is the Most Secure Encryption Hash and How to Check Them]</ref>
# The SHA-256 algorithm returns hash value of 256-bits, or 64 hexadecimal digits.<ref name="ref_d291847c" />
# SHA-2 provides better prevention against collision, meaning the same input data always has a different hash value.<ref name="ref_a5cb4aa5">[https://www.punitkthanki.co/2020/11/secure-hash-algorithm-2-sha-2.html Secure Hash Algorithm 2 (SHA-2)]</ref>
# Because of weaknesses in the SHA-1 algorithm and to align to industry standards, we have changed the signing of Windows updates to use the more secure SHA-2 algorithm exclusively.<ref name="ref_a5cb4aa5" />
# Any devices without SHA-2 support will not be able to install Windows updates on or after July 2019.<ref name="ref_a5cb4aa5" />
# To help prepare you for this change, we released support for SHA-2 signing in starting March 2019 and have made incremental improvements.<ref name="ref_a5cb4aa5" />
# (National Institure of Standards and Technology), of which SHA-2 and SHA-3 algorithm families are considered secure and are used in numerous applications today.<ref name="ref_0c84c77a">[https://xiphera.com/cryptographic-hash-functions.php Peace of mind in a dangerous world.]</ref>
# Its days are numbered and the SSL industry is migrating to SHA-2.<ref name="ref_7405334e">[https://www.ssl247.com/kb/ssl-certificates/generalinformation/what-is-sha1-sha2 What is SHA-1 / SHA-2 ?]</ref>
# The most common hash function used is SHA-256.<ref name="ref_7405334e" />
# The hard work required to transition from SHA-1 to SHA-2 has already been taken care of.<ref name="ref_7405334e" />
# In any case, your SSL certificate must use SHA-2 from January 1st, 2017, and all Certification Authorities are currently ensuring you can purchase SHA-2 certificates from now on.<ref name="ref_7405334e" />
# “The variety of SHA-2 hashes can lead to a bit of confusion, as websites and authors express them differently.<ref name="ref_c52f3e28">[https://www.rapidsslonline.com/blog/sha1-vs-sha2-vs-sha256-whats-the-difference/ SHA1 vs SHA2 vs SHA256 – What’s the difference?]</ref>
# If you see “SHA-2,” “SHA-256” or “SHA-256 bit,” those names are referring to the same thing.<ref name="ref_c52f3e28" />
# those are referring to the alternate bit-lengths of SHA-2.<ref name="ref_c52f3e28" />
# All end user SSL/TLS certificates must use SHA2, but owing to their ubiquity and age, intermediates may still use SHA1 in some cases.<ref name="ref_c52f3e28" />
# SHA-256 sets additional constants that define the behavior of the SHA-2 algorithm.<ref name="ref_f6c19323">[https://raevskymichail.medium.com/how-the-sha-2-sha-256-hashing-algorithm-works-17d0ff72dbfc How the SHA-2 (SHA-256) Hashing Algorithm Works]</ref>
# (Secure Hash Algorithm 2), of which SHA-256 is a part, is one of the most popular hashing algorithms out there.<ref name="ref_3b1f042c">[https://qvault.io/2020/07/08/how-sha-2-works-step-by-step-sha-256/ How SHA-2 Works Step-By-Step (SHA-256)]</ref>
# SHA-2 is known for its security (it hasn’t broken down like SHA-1), and its speed.<ref name="ref_3b1f042c" />
# SHA-2 is a very famous and strong family of hash functions, as as you would expect, it fulfills all of the above purposes.<ref name="ref_3b1f042c" />
# SHA-256 sets additional constants that define the SHA-2 algorithm’s behavior.<ref name="ref_3b1f042c" />
# After the unfortunate incident with the SHA-1 algorithm in 2015, the industry started moving away from SHA-1 and mostly shifted to SHA-2.<ref name="ref_23d15d55">[https://www.ssl2buy.com/wiki/difference-between-sha1-sha2-sha256-hash-algorithms The Difference Between SHA-1, SHA-2 and SHA-256 Hash Algorithms]</ref>
# SHA 2, known as Secure Hashing Algorithm – 2, is also a mathematical cryptographic hash function.<ref name="ref_23d15d55" />
# The SHA2 hash is extensively used for encryption-decryption in security protocols and programs like SSL, TLS, S/MIME, and many more.<ref name="ref_23d15d55" />
# Secure hashing algorithm – 256, commonly known as SHA256, is a member of the SHA-2 algorithm family, as discussed above.<ref name="ref_23d15d55" />
# For example: use sha256() to create a SHA-256 hash object.<ref name="ref_1482ddaa">[https://docs.python.org/3/library/hashlib.html hashlib — Secure hashes and message digests — Python 3.9.1 documentation]</ref>
# SHA-2 is part of the so-called "cryptographic hash algorithms" that can generate.<ref name="ref_c72ec005">[https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/collection/dutch-standardisation-forum-comply-or-explain-standards/solution/secure-hash-algorithm-2 Secure Hash Algorithm 2]</ref>
# They differ in the word size; SHA-256 uses 32-byte words where SHA-512 uses 64-byte words.<ref name="ref_eb68f99e">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Hash_Algorithms Secure Hash Algorithms]</ref>
# There are also truncated versions of each standard, known as SHA-224 , SHA-384 , SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256 .<ref name="ref_eb68f99e" />
# customers prepare for and move to SHA-2, the set of cryptographic hash functions that have succeeded SHA-1.<ref name="ref_d0b4eb33">[https://www.csoonline.com/article/2879073/all-you-need-to-know-about-the-move-from-sha1-to-sha2-encryption.html All you need to know about the move from SHA-1 to SHA-2 encryption]</ref>
# Last year, moving to SHA-2 ahead of the global deadline was a nice-to-do preparatory step.<ref name="ref_d0b4eb33" />
# Because of the continued success against SHA-1, the NSA and NIST identified its related successor, SHA-2, as the new recommended hashing standard in 2002.<ref name="ref_d0b4eb33" />
# SHA-2 is the cryptographic hashing standard that all software and hardware should be using now, at least for the next few years.<ref name="ref_d0b4eb33" />
# Definition - What does Secure Hash Algorithm 2 (SHA-2) mean?<ref name="ref_8416073f">[https://www.techopedia.com/definition/30571/secure-hash-algorithm-2-sha-2 What is the Secure Hash Algorithm 2 (SHA-2)?]</ref>
# SHA-2 includes significant changes from its predecessor, SHA-1.<ref name="ref_e66c6118">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-2 Wikipedia]</ref>
# and SHA-512 are novel hash functions computed with 32-bit and 64-bit words, respectively.<ref name="ref_e66c6118" />
# SHA-224 and SHA-384 are truncated versions of SHA-256 and SHA-512 respectively, computed with different initial values.<ref name="ref_e66c6118" />
# SHA-2 was first published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a U.S. federal standard (FIPS).<ref name="ref_e66c6118" />
# In the “DNA initialization and preprocessing” section, we show how initialization and preprocessing operations, especially in SHA-512, are imitated in DNA computing.<ref name="ref_153085c3">[https://joems.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s42787-019-0037-6 Secure Hash Algorithm-2 formed on DNA]</ref>
# (left shift by k<2m bits) in SHA-2 to be \(\bar {L}^{k}(\alpha)\) in DNSHA-2.<ref name="ref_153085c3" />
# The nucleotide block i\(\bar {M}^{(i)}\) (of 512 nucleotides) in DNSHA-512 has to imitate the 1024-bit block M(i) in SHA-512.<ref name="ref_153085c3" />
# The variety of SHA-2 hashes can lead to a bit of confusion, as websites and authors express them differently.<ref name="ref_1e0358ea">[https://www.thesslstore.com/blog/difference-sha-1-sha-2-sha-256-hash-algorithms/ The Difference Between SHA-1, SHA-2 and SHA-256 Hash Algorithms]</ref>
# Occasionally you will see certificates using SHA-2 384-bit.<ref name="ref_1e0358ea" />
# SHA-2 will likely remain in use for at least five years.<ref name="ref_1e0358ea" />
# It involved re-issuing thousands of existing certificates so that new files could be created and signed with SHA-2.<ref name="ref_1e0358ea" />
# Currently only the four fixed-length SHA-3 algorithms are approved hash algorithms, providing alternatives to the SHA-2 family of hash functions.<ref name="ref_91df44fc">[https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/hash-functions Hash Functions]</ref>
# The SHA-2 family consists of multiple closely related hash functions.<ref name="ref_1d07e97d">[https://www.algorithmhalloffame.org/algorithms/sha-2/ SHA-2 – Algorithm Hall of Fame]</ref>
# SHA-256 generates an almost-unique 256-bit (32-byte) signature for a text.<ref name="ref_ea252c83">[https://www.movable-type.co.uk/scripts/sha256.html Movable Type Scripts]</ref>
# SHA-256 is one of the successor hash functions to SHA-1 (collectively referred to as SHA-2), and is one of the strongest hash functions available.<ref name="ref_ea252c83" />
# SHA-256 is not much more complex to code than SHA-1, and has not yet been compromised in any way.<ref name="ref_ea252c83" />
# and SHA-512, for computing a condensed representation of a message or a data file.<ref name="ref_4699d01c">[https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4634 US Secure Hash Algorithms (SHA and HMAC-SHA)]</ref>
# < 2^128 bits (for SHA-384 and SHA-512) is input to one of these algorithms, the result is an output called a message digest.<ref name="ref_4699d01c" />
# The SHA-224 and SHA-256 algorithms produce 224-bit and 256-bit * message digests for a given data stream.<ref name="ref_4699d01c" />
# SHA-256 are defined in terms of 32-bit "words".<ref name="ref_4699d01c" />
# What role does SHA-256 hashing play in cybersecurity?<ref name="ref_79cd06b0">[https://www.solarwindsmsp.com/blog/sha-256-encryption SHA-256 Algorithm Overview]</ref>
# SHA-256 is used in some of the most popular authentication and encryption protocols, including SSL, TLS, IPsec, SSH, and PGP.<ref name="ref_79cd06b0" />
# In Unix and Linux, SHA-256 is used for secure password hashing.<ref name="ref_79cd06b0" />
# Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin use SHA-256 for verifying transactions.<ref name="ref_79cd06b0" />
# SHA-2 is a family of hashing algorithms to replace the SHA-1 algorithm.<ref name="ref_366087bf">[https://www.entrust.com/knowledgebase/ssl/what-is-sha2 What is SHA-2?]</ref>
# SHA-2 features a higher level of security than its predecessor.<ref name="ref_366087bf" />
# Entrust is introducing the SHA-256 variant of the SHA-2 family as a signing option for all certificates.<ref name="ref_366087bf" />
# One of the major benefits of using SHA-2 is that it addresses some weaknesses in the SHA-1 hashing algorithm.<ref name="ref_366087bf" />
# We use SHA-256 because this 256-bit key is much more secure than other common hashing algorithms.<ref name="ref_fe423e59">[https://blog.pagefreezer.com/sha-256-benefits-evidence-authentication Why You Should Use SHA-256 in Evidence Authentication]</ref>
# SHA-256 is an industry standard that is trusted by leading public-sector agencies and used widely by technology leaders.<ref name="ref_fe423e59" />
# There are 2 possible hash values when using SHA-256, which makes it nearly impossible for two different documents to coincidentally have the exact same hash value.<ref name="ref_fe423e59" />
# It’s also why we use SHA-256.<ref name="ref_fe423e59" />
# const uint8_t *message, uint32_t *intermediateDigest, uint32_t hashAlgorithm, uint32_t initialMessageLength) Start a new SHA-2 hash operation.<ref name="ref_67132787">[http://software-dl.ti.com/simplelink/esd/simplelink_cc13x0_sdk/2.20.00.38/exports/docs/driverlib_cc13xx_cc26xx/cc13x2_cc26x2_v1/driverlib/group__sha2__api.html CC26xx Driver Library: [sha2.h] Secure Hash Algorithm 2]</ref>
# (const uint8_t *message, uint32_t *intermediateDigest, uint32_t hashAlgorithm, uint32_t intermediateMessageLength) Resume a SHA-2 hash operation but do not finalize it.<ref name="ref_67132787" />
# , uint32_t totalMsgLength, uint32_t messageLength, uint32_t hashAlgorithm) Resume a SHA-2 hash operation and finalize it.<ref name="ref_67132787" />
# Start a SHA-2 hash operation and return the finalized digest.<ref name="ref_67132787" />
# SHA-2 is a set of secure hash functions including SHA 224, SHA 256, SHA 384, and SHA 512 developed by the NSA intended to provide a higher level of security than the SHA-1 algorithm.<ref name="ref_d07c846f">[https://patents.google.com/patent/US20170147340A1/en US20170147340A1 - Method and apparatus to process sha-2 secure hashing algorithm - Google Patents]</ref>
# The SHA-2 algorithm is computationally more complex the SHA 1, relying on carry propagate additions as well as logical operations and rotates.<ref name="ref_d07c846f" />
# A critical path for a round of SHA-2 operations consists of four consecutive propagate additions with adder inputs being determined by complex logical and rotation functions.<ref name="ref_d07c846f" />
# 1 depicts details of the SHA-2 algorithm.<ref name="ref_d07c846f" />
# The SHA-256 algorithm generates an almost-unique, fixed-size 256-bit (32-byte) hash.<ref name="ref_75b489f8">[https://www.baeldung.com/sha-256-hashing-java SHA-256 Hashing in Java]</ref>
# NIST released SHA-3 in 2015, so there are not quite as many SHA-3 libraries as SHA-2 for the time being.<ref name="ref_75b489f8" />
# SHAs come in three forms: SHA-1, SHA-2, and SHA-256. SHA-1 is the first iteration of the algorithm, followed by SHA-2, which is seen as an improved and updated version of the first.<ref name="ref_01944115">[https://www.sslauthority.com/the-difference-between-sha-1-sha-2-and-sha-256-hash-algorithms-2/ The Difference Between Sha-1, Sha-2, Sha-256]</ref>
# While SHA-1 is the more basic version of the hash providing a shorter code with fewer possibilities for unique combinations, SHA-2 or SHA-256 creates a longer, and thus more complex, hash.<ref name="ref_01944115" />
# By 2016, it became mandatory for SHA-2 to be used for all new certificates.<ref name="ref_01944115" />
# Since the switch to SHA-2 was only made two years ago, there are tons of websites that still communicate using the first version of the hashing algorithm.<ref name="ref_01944115" />
# While hash generated by SHA2 is strong.<ref name="ref_cada236e">[https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-sha1-and-sha2/ Difference between SHA1 and SHA2]</ref>
# Tech giants including Microsoft, Google, and Mozilla are all aboard with SHA-2.<ref name="ref_349d9d7d">[https://cheapsslsecurity.com/blog/what-is-sha2-and-what-are-sha-2-ssl-certificates/ What is SHA2 and What Are SHA 2 SSL Certificates?]</ref>
# From the image above, this site uses SHA-256, which is the most popular hash function.<ref name="ref_349d9d7d" />
# Unlike SHA-1 which was found to be susceptible to collision attacks, SHA-2 is collision-resistant.<ref name="ref_349d9d7d" />
# If you plan on installing a SHA 2 Certificate, make sure that you’re using it on a compatible server.<ref name="ref_349d9d7d" />
===소스===
<references />

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   <references />
-== 메타데이터 ==
+==메타데이터==
 ===위키데이터===
 * ID :  [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1968605 Q1968605]

← 이전 판		2020년 12월 26일 (토) 12:23 판
97번째 줄:		97번째 줄:
	===소스===		===소스===
	<references />		<references />
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		+	== 메타데이터 ==
		+
		+	===위키데이터===
		+	* ID : [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1968605 Q1968605]

SHA-2 - 편집 역사

2021년 2월 17일 (수) 08:19에 Pythagoras0님의 편집

Pythagoras0: /* 메타데이터 */ 새 문단

Pythagoras0: /* 노트 */ 새 문단