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* [{'LEMMA': 'Fortran'}]
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* [{'LEMMA': 'FORTRAN'}]

2021년 2월 17일 (수) 00:13 기준 최신판

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말뭉치

  1. Photran supports Fortran 77-2008.[1]
  2. These lists were translated into the FORTRAN programming language so that a computer could combine them at random and print out hundreds of unique stanzas in quatrain form.[2]
  3. Fortran 90 is a new programming language intended for use in scientific and engineering applications.[3]
  4. It is a language that has developed by the introduction of features that are new to Fortran, but are based on experience of other languages (like C and Matlab for instance).[3]
  5. In Fortran 90, you can use either the Fortran 77 input format or free format.[3]
  6. Modules can also be used to hide global variables, thereby making the Fortran 77 common construct outdated.[3]
  7. Although you probably have never seen FORTRAN 77, I will give you a brief summary of some of the changes and obsolete features.[4]
  8. Keep in mind that Fortran 90 is upwardly compatible with FORTRAN 77, meaning all features present in FORTRAN 77 are present in Fortran 90.[4]
  9. Some FORTRAN 77 features have been designated obsolete and should never be used because of better alternatives.[4]
  10. The first, and most obvious, change from FORTRAN 77 to Fortran 90 is the conversion from fixed source code to free source.[4]
  11. Fortran expects all arguments to be passed by reference; it expects all arguments to be addresses.[5]
  12. If C passes a pointer (an address) by value, Fortran will interpret it correctly as the address of an argument.[5]
  13. The example.f file contains the Fortran routine that actually sums the array.[5]
  14. In these examples, the object name of the Fortran subroutine will be sum_array1_ to match the output of the Fortran compiler.[5]
  15. Standard FORTRAN reserves two UNIT numbers for I/O to user.[6]
  16. In Fortran Lesson 1 we briefly looked at the types of variables in Fortran.[7]
  17. To avoid mistakes in Fortran arithmetic you must pay close attention to rules regarding working with numbers of the various types.[7]
  18. Whereas Basic is more lenient, allowing some flexibility in mixing variables and numbers of different types, Fortran is less forgiving and will make you pay for oversights.[7]
  19. Anin Fortran is a whole number; it cannot contain commas or a decimal point.[7]
  20. Fortran is one of the most widely used programming languages in science and engineering.[8]
  21. Fortran 90 replaced the outmoded FORTRAN 77 in 1991 and this recent version of the International Standard enhances this version.[8]
  22. Gehrke has provided a comprehensive and easy-to-understand description of the Fortran 95 programming language as defined by the ISO, which will be welcomed by both practitioners and students alike.[8]
  23. If you prefer using an IDE on Windows or Apple Mac, we recommend using the NAG Fortran Builder.[9]
  24. Fortran was original developed for scientific and engineering applications, and remains especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing.[10]
  25. FORTRAN 77, being quite old, lacks almost everything one expects from a modern programming language.[10]
  26. Due to its age, and since FORTRAN compilers generally gave very good performance for numerical code, a lot of code, especially scientific code, was written in FORTRAN.[10]
  27. Also, for quite a while there was no free Fortran 90 compiler, which also caused a lot of FORTRAN 77 code to be written even quite some time after Fortran 90 was standardized.[10]
  28. Description : FORTRAN (95/2003/2008/2013) is a modern programming language that is specifically designed for scientific and engineering applications.[11]
  29. The focus will be on Fortran 95 and its more recent extensions (2003/2008/2013), but differences to Fortran 77 will also be briefly covered for those working with already-existing codes.[11]
  30. FORTRAN (95/2003/2008/2013) is a modern programming language that is specifically designed for scientific and engineering applications.[11]
  31. Fortran is included in the Intel Studio XE package.[11]
  32. By using the new features of Fortran 90, they define an interface to OpenGL that does not depend on any extensions to the Fortran standard and provide access to the full functionality of OpenGL.[12]
  33. This provides the capability of robust, standard-conforming, portable user application codes, and increases the similarity between the Fortran and C interfaces to OpenGL.[12]
  34. Documentation for f90gl including the official Fortran 90 bindings for OpenGL, installation instructions and user's guide.[12]
  35. Both forms of the language name, FORTRAN and Fortran, are used.[13]
  36. In this text, older versions (before and including 1977) of the language will be referred to as FORTRAN, post-1977 ones will be referred to as 'Fortran 90', 'Fortran 95' etc.[13]
  37. They designed an HLL that is still widely used, and an optimizing compiler that produced very efficient code, in fact the FORTRAN I compiler held the record for optimizing code for 20 years![13]
  38. The phenomenal success of the FORTRAN I team, can be attributed in part to the friendly non-authoritative group climate.[13]
  39. Fortran codes are compiled using the PGI Fortran compiler.[14]
  40. Files with the .cuf or .CUF extension have CUDA Fortran enabled automatically, and the compiler option -Mcuda can be used in compiling files with other extensions to enable CUDA Fortran.[14]
  41. In addition, because the standard PGI Fortran compiler is used, all of the features used in CPU code, such as OpenMP and SSE vectorizing features, are available for host code.[14]
  42. Compilation of CUDA Fortran code can be as simple as issuing the command: Behind the scenes, a multistep process takes place.[14]
  43. The original FORTRAN programs were prepared on a keypunch machine which punched holes into paper cards which had 80 characters maximum.[15]
  44. For this reason, lines in a FORTRAN program are often referred to as "cards.[15]
  45. Unlike the IF statement, FORTRAN allows nesting of any number of DO loops within one another.[15]
  46. Modularity Functions Functions may be used anywhere that an expression is expected in a FORTRAN program.[15]
  47. If the called Fortran subprogram is a subroutine, call it from C as a function that returns a value of int (compatible to Fortran INTEGER*4 ) or void .[16]
  48. A value is returned if the Fortran subroutine uses alternate returns, in which case it is the value of the expression on the RETURN statement.[16]
  49. The tables below summarize the data sizes and default alignments for FORTRAN 77 and Fortran 90 data types.[16]
  50. Table 11-1 shows the sizes and allowable alignments for FORTRAN 77 data types.[16]
  51. GNU Fortran comes with NO WARRANTY , to the extent permitted by law .[17]
  52. You may redistribute copies of GNU Fortran under the terms of the GNU General Public License .[17]
  53. Using the Fortran kind attribute, it is possible to declare and use data in half precision format.[18]
  54. Fortran is a general purpose programming language, mainly intended for mathematical computations in e.g. engineering.[19]
  55. Fortran is an acronym for FORmula TRANslation, and was originally capitalized as FORTRAN.[19]
  56. However, following the current trend to only capitalize the first letter in acronyms, we will call it Fortran.[19]
  57. The work on Fortran started in the 1950's at IBM and there have been many versions since.[19]
  58. the language Fortran 90 allows for two types of subprograms: (1) Functions, and (2) Subroutines.[20]
  59. This is simiilar to the practices we have already encountered in Fortran 77.[20]
  60. Also, just like Fortran 77, function subprograms in Fortran 90 have an explicit type and are intended to return one value.[20]
  61. Because we will be focusing on external subprograms, it is essential that we make use of a feature of Fortran 90 known as the INTERFACE block.[20]
  62. High performance Fortran has been designed from the ground-up for computationally intensive applications in science and engineering.[21]
  63. Statically and strongly typed Fortran is statically and strongly typed, which allows the compiler to catch many programming errors early on for you.[21]
  64. Easy to learn and use Fortran is a relatively small language that is surprisingly easy to learn and use.[21]
  65. Versatile Fortran allows you to write code in a style that best fits your problem: Imperative, procedural, array-oriented, object-oriented, or functional.[21]
  66. In the 1950s, IBM programmer John Backus invented a programming language called Fortran.[22]
  67. Fortran (which started life as FORTRAN, or FORmula TRANslator) was first created by IBM programmer John Backus in 1950.[22]
  68. Of course, if the strength of Fortran was in the power of its mathematical processing, its weakness was actually getting data into and out of the program.[22]
  69. So how can you get your hands on Fortran?[22]
  70. The following Fortran code examples or sample programs show different situations depending on the compiler.[23]
  71. The remaining examples can be compiled and run with any newer standard Fortran compiler (see the end of the main Fortran article for lists of compilers).[23]
  72. If errors are produced when you compile your FORTRAN code, first check the column alignment.[23]
  73. A retro example of a FORTRAN IV (later evolved into FORTRAN 66) program deck is available on the IBM 1130 page, including the IBM 1130 DM2 JCL required for compilation and execution.[23]
  74. F90 Specifies the entry point for a Fortran 90/95 module program unit.[24]
  75. Fortran liberated computers from the exclusive realm of programmers and opened them to nearly everybody else.[25]
  76. For the first time, Fortran made code comprehensible to people with expertise in fields other than computing, opening programming to mathematicians and scientists.[25]
  77. Someone who knew high school algebra but nothing about computers could probably figure out Fortran statements.[25]
  78. Fortran began the process of abstracting software from the hardware on which it ran.[25]
  79. The creation of FORTRAN, which debuted in 1957, marked a significant stage in the development of computer-programming languages.[26]
  80. FORTRAN enabled the rapid writing of computer programs that ran nearly as efficiently as programs that had been laboriously hand coded in machine language.[26]
  81. By allowing the creation of natural-language programs that ran as efficiently as hand-coded ones, FORTRAN became the programming language of choice in the late 1950s.[26]
  82. FORTRAN 77 was released in 1978, followed by FORTRAN 90 in 1991 and further updates in 1996 and 2004.[26]
  83. The FORTRAN programming language was conceived in the early 1950s the name produced from the two words FORmula TRANslation.[27]
  84. Revision of the language led to FORTRAN 77, the language we use today.[27]
  85. FORTRAN was designed for scientists and engineers, and has dominated this field.[27]
  86. The Fortran Wiki is an open venue for discussing all aspects of the Fortran programming language and scientific computing.[28]
  87. The purpose of the GNU Fortran (GFortran) project is to develop the Fortran compiler front end and run-time libraries for GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection.[29]
  88. In particular, the project wishes to reach users of the Fortran language, be it in the scientific community, education, or commercial environments.[29]
  89. The GFortran compiler is fully compliant with the Fortran 95 Standard and includes legacy F77 support.[29]
  90. In addition, a significant number of Fortran 2003 and Fortran 2008 features are implemented.[29]
  91. The Fortran Company is devoted to Fortran programming.[30]
  92. This site will bring you the latest news, technical tips, programming hints, and product reviews in Fortran and scientific computing.[30]
  93. We look forward to building a community of Fortran programmers![30]
  94. Fortran is a computer programming language that is extensively used in numerical, scientific computing.[31]
  95. Fortran is a compiled language, or more specifically it is compiled ahead-of-time.[31]
  96. Fortran has outlived several nation states since its conception, and still is in wide use today in a number of specialised scientific communities.[31]
  97. Unfortunately Fortran is often referred to as an ‘outdated’ or ‘legacy’ programming language.[31]
  98. The capitalization has been dropped in referring to newer versions beginning with Fortran 90.[32]
  99. Significantly, the increasing popularity of FORTRAN spurred competing computer manufacturers to provide FORTRAN compilers for their machines, so that by 1963 over 40 FORTRAN compilers existed.[32]
  100. The first FORTRAN compiler reported diagnostic information by halting the program when an error was found and outputting an error code on its console.[32]
  101. Early FORTRAN compilers supported no recursion in subroutines.[32]
  102. implicit none fixes an old, very bad misfeature of FORTRAN 77.[33]
  103. See the Fortran 77 standard and Fortran bug bites.[33]
  104. Fortran has 2 types of procedures: functions, which return a value (and usually should not modify their arguments), and subroutines, which presumably modify their arguments or have other side effects.[33]
  105. Unlike C and C++, Fortran can handle returning arrays and composite types with no difficulty.[33]

소스

  1. ↑ Photran - An Integrated Development Environment and Refactoring Tool for Fortran
  2. ↑ FORTRAN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Fortran 90 Tutorial
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.html
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Fortran Examples
  6. ↑ FORTRAN I
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Department of Mathematics
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Fortran 95 Language Guide
  9. ↑ NAG Fortran Compiler
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Category:Fortran
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Fortran Programming
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 f90gl: Fortran interface for OpenGL and GLUT
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 A brief history of FORTRAN
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Fortran - an overview
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 FORTRAN IV Reference Page
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Chapter 11 C-Fortran Interface (Fortran Programming Guide)
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 FORTRAN Wrapper — CoolProp 6.4.2dev documentation
  18. ↑ CUDA Fortran Programming Guide Version 20.11 for ARM, OpenPower, x86
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Fortran 77 Tutorial
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Fortran 90 Tutorial
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 Fortran Programming Language
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 Fortran: 7 Reasons Why It’s Not Dead
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 Wikibooks, open books for an open world
  24. ↑ PGI Fortran Reference Manual Version 20.4 for x86 and NVIDIA Processors
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 FORTRAN
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 FORTRAN | computer language
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Programming in FORTRAN
  28. ↑ Fortran Wiki
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 Free Software Foundation (FSF)
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 The Fortran Company
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 Introduction to Fortran
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 Wikipedia
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 Fortran 90 reference

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