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1. Study of the cluster has revealed secrets about how dark energy shapes the universe.
2. A mysterious quantity known as dark energy makes up nearly three-fourths of the universe, yet scientists are unsure not only what it is but how it operates.
3. These galaxy clusters are representative of more than 80 clusters that were used to track the effects of dark energy on these massive objects over time.
4. Calculating the energy needed to overcome gravity, scientists determined that dark energy makes up roughly 68 percent of the universe.
5. Dark energy is the name given to the mysterious force that’s causing the rate of expansion of our universe to accelerate over time, rather than to slow down.
6. The force responsible for this acceleration was dubbed dark energy by scientists.
7. It should be noted that dark energy and dark matter are completely unrelated phenomena.
8. Dark energy does behave like Einstein’s anti-gravity force, but its nature and origin remain unknown.
9. One of the top goals in cosmology today is understanding the dark energy that is responsible for the accelerated expansion of the Universe.
10. Is the dark energy consistent with the cosmological constant of general relativity—representing a constant energy density filling space homogenously?
11. Other types of dark energy have been proposed, including a cosmic field associated with inflation and a different, low-energy field dubbed “quintessence”.
12. Cosmologists interpret the signatures of the Universe’s mechanics, the mysterious dark energy of its expansion and the dark matter of its galaxy-building, by comparing these data.
13. The rest they call, for want of a better word, dark: 23 percent is something they call dark matter, and 73 percent is something even more mysterious, which they call dark energy.
14. Scientists have some ideas about what dark matter might be—exotic and still hypothetical particles—but they have hardly a clue about dark energy.
15. Turner gave the “something” a nickname: dark energy.
16. Since then, astronomers have pursued the mystery of dark energy to the ends of the Earth—literally.
17. To explain this acceleration, an old idea was reborn: Einstein’s cosmological constant, which describes the energy density of empty space – and with it the notion of “dark energy”.
18. The latest measurement from the Plank mission suggests the cosmos is made of roughly 68% of this dark energy, along with 5% ordinary matter and 27% dark matter.
19. However, the exact nature of dark energy remains mysterious.
20. The other big development of the last two decades, says Riess, is dark energy’s equation of state, which describes the ratio between the energy density of dark energy, and its pressure.
21. It is called dark energy.
22. We know how much dark energy there is because we know how it affects the universe's expansion.
23. It turns out that roughly 68% of the universe is dark energy.
24. This fact would provide a way to decide if the solution to the dark energy problem is a new gravity theory or not: we could observe how galaxies come together in clusters.
25. In physical cosmology and astronomy, dark energy is an unknown form of energy that affects the universe on the largest scales.
26. Since the 1990s, dark energy has been the most accepted premise to account for the accelerated expansion.
27. Inflation postulates that some repulsive force, qualitatively similar to dark energy, resulted in an enormous and exponential expansion of the universe slightly after the Big Bang.
28. It is unclear what relation, if any, exists between dark energy and inflation.
29. This discovery posed a new question that scientists continue to explore today: what is the “dark energy” that is overcoming the effect of gravity and pulling our universe apart?
30. Dark energy may be an inherent feature of the universe, or it could be something related to new and unknown particles or forces.
31. The Department of Energy supports researchers who seek to understand cosmic expansion and dark energy.
32. These surveys will help shed light on the nature of dark energy.
33. The story of dark energy appears to begin with the Big Bang — the instant of creation for all matter and energy, space and time.
34. In the 1990s, they discovered a previously unknown "dark energy" that is causing the universe to expand faster as it ages.
35. So far, though, scientists don’t know what dark energy is.
36. Dark energy could be exotic new particles or other undiscovered physics.
37. dark energy, repulsive force that is the dominant component (69.4 percent) of the universe.
38. Dark energy, in contrast to both forms of matter, is relatively uniform in time and space and is gravitationally repulsive, not attractive, within the volume it occupies.
39. The nature of dark energy is still not well understood.
40. Since Type Ia supernovas have the same luminosity, they are used in measuring dark energy and its effects on the expansion of the universe.
41. Dark energy is an unknown force hypothesised to be responsible for the accelerated expansion of the Universe – an effect that we've observed, but haven't been able to fully explain.
42. Based on current models of cosmology, dark energy makes up around 68 percent of the Universe's total energy.
43. Why do we think dark energy exists?
44. Here's where dark energy comes in: something powerful would have to be responsible for adding an extra push to the Universe's growth.
45. In physical cosmology and astronomy, dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that permeates all of space and tends to increase the rate of expansion of the universe.
46. Dark energy is the most popular way to explain recent observations that the universe appears to be expanding at an accelerating rate.
47. In the standard model of cosmology, dark energy currently accounts for 74% of the total mass-energy of the universe.
48. Measuring the equation of state of dark energy is one of the biggest efforts in observational cosmology today.
49. Dark energy, which cosmologists hypothesize drives the accelerating expansion of the universe by counteracting the force of gravity, accounts for about 70%.
50. To quantify the distribution of dark matter and the effect of dark energy, DES relied on two main phenomena.
51. The final DES analysis is expected to paint an even more precise picture of the dark matter and dark energy in the universe.
52. Dark energy is a mysterious force making the universe fly apart faster and faster.
53. Dark energy is the name for whatever is causing this accelerating expansion.
54. One possibility is that dark energy is a vacuum energy of the sort that quantum particles might create by popping in and out of free space.
55. So if we drop the cosmological principle we might possibly get rid of dark energy, too.
56. The rest of the universe appears to be made of a mysterious, invisible substance called dark matter (25 percent) and a force that repels gravity known as dark energy (70 percent).
57. For lack of a better name, scientists call this mysterious force dark energy.
58. Unlike for dark matter, scientists have no plausible explanation for dark energy.
59. According to one idea, dark energy is a fifth and previously unknown type of fundamental force called quintessence, which fills the universe like a fluid.
60. Dark energy is hardly science fiction, although no less intriguing and full of mystery for being real science.
61. "The universe is made mostly of dark matter and dark energy," says Saul Perlmutter, leader of the Supernova Cosmology Project headquartered at Berkeley Lab, "and we don't know what either of them is.
62. While the evidence from galactic clusters shows that mass density is low, supernova evidence for acceleration shows that dark energy must be abundant.
63. The Wfirst project, which would have investigated the force of dark energy in the universe and searched for more planets, has been cut from NASA’s proposed budget.
64. So we are left having to account for the remaining 73% of the effective density, and the name chosen is "dark energy".
65. This is an energy density which we have not directly detected observationally - hence "dark energy".
66. So all the dark energy in the solar system would amount to about 2.2 x 109 m3 of the material of Ida, or a sphere of about 800 m radius.
67. Ida has a tiny satellite or moon named Dactyl of dimensions 1.2 x 1.4 x 1.6km, so the mass of that tiniest of satellites is comparable to the dark energy in the entire solar system.
68. Scientists attribute this phenomenon to dark energy, which makes up 70 percent of our universe—and will determine its eventual fate.
69. Michael Turner, a theoretical cosmologist at the University of Chicago, coined the term “dark energy” to describe the unknown cause of this accelerating expansion.
70. For almost two decades, physicists have been developing theories about what dark energy could be.
71. Some propose dark energy is static, others say it changes over time.
72. The leading explanation of dark energy suggests that it is a type of pent-up energy inherent in the fabric of space-time.
73. Dark energy is an enigmatic phenomenon that acts in opposition to gravity and is responsible for accelerating the expansion of the universe.
74. Though dark energy constitutes three-fourths of the mass-energy of the cosmos, its underlying nature continues to elude physicists.
75. Dark energy has no real connections to dark matter, beyond sharing the word dark, which just means that scientists don't really know what these things are.
76. This pie chart shows rounded values for the three known components of the universe: normal matter, dark matter, and dark energy.
77. Astronomers theorize that the faster expansion rate is due to a mysterious force — dark energy — that is pulling galaxies apart.
78. Later that year, cosmologist Michael Turner of the University of Chicago and Fermilab coined the term "dark energy" to describe this mysterious force.
79. There are, however, a number of theories that attempt to explain dark energy, and a few major contenders.
80. Whether dark energy is truly a new component of energy density or an extension of gravitational physics beyond general relativity is not yet known.
81. The consequences of dark energy for fundamental physics will not be clear until its origin is discovered, but the effects on the universe are dramatic.
82. Gravitation as an attractive force acts to slow down the cosmic expansion, so dark energy acts in this sense as antigravity or cosmic repulsion.
83. Such a light field would have a Compton wavelength larger than the Hubble scale and so the dark energy would be smoothly distributed throughout the universe.
84. Is it "dark energy" arising from quantum fluctuations in the vacuum, or is it new gravitational physics?
85. Correlations of galaxies in three-dimensional space vs cosmic epoch to reveal changes in the expansion of the Universe over time, which will help isolate the influence of dark energy.
86. in three-dimensional space vs cosmic epoch to reveal changes in the expansion of the Universe over time, which will help isolate the influence of dark energy.
87. Counts of clusters of dark matter via weak gravitational lensing combined with the optical data are a sensitive probe of dark energy.
88. The even distribution means that dark energy does not have any local gravitational effects, but rather a global effect on the universe as a whole.
89. These measurements, together with other scientific data, have confirmed the existence of dark energy and provide an estimate of just how much of this mysterious substance exists.
90. “And then the idea was born that the Universe is filled for the most part not with ordinary matter, but with some “dark energy,” which has special properties.
91. Dark energy is the name given to the universal "fifth force" identified by astronomers during Earth's late 20th century.
92. Like gravity, dark energy influences all matter in the galaxy, and its effects can be seen on both cosmological and subatomic scales.
93. The repulsive effects of dark energy are the primary reason the expansion of the universe is gradually accelerating.
94. With the eezo nodules and natural electrical impulses in their nervous systems, biotics can generate and wield dark energy biologically, but the effort is physically demanding.
95. And this so-called dark energy is overpowering gravity and pushing space-time apart from within.
96. Dark energy is an unidentified component of the Universe that is thought to be present in such a large quantity that it overwhelms all other components of matter and energy put together.
97. According to the most recent estimates from ESA's Planck mission, dark energy contributes 68 percent of the matter-energy density of the Universe.
98. One way to envisage the dark energy is that it seems to be linked to the vacuum of space.
99. The evidence for dark energy came to light in the late-1990s from observations of supernovae.
100. Currently, the only way we can feel the presence of dark energy is with observations of the distant universe.
101. This new map covers around 11 billion years of cosmic history that was essentially unexplored, teaching us about dark energy like never before.
102. Our results show that about 69% of our universe’s energy is dark energy.
103. They also demonstrate, once again, that Einstein’s simplest form of dark energy - the cosmological constant - agrees the most with our observations.
104. Since the 1990s it has become clear that the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate, a phenomenon that was historically attributed to so-called “dark energy” .
105. The hypothetical dark energy is invisible, and can be thought of as an intrinsic property of spacetime rather than usual matter (stress-energy) that is the source of spacetime curvature.
106. In addition, “dark energy” may be understood as an artifact of the same emergence process, arising from the discreteness of spacetime and its quantum origins.
107. Then we discuss another aspect of the emergence process that naturally leads to the non-vanishing, but very small, value of Λ that accounts for the “dark energy” phenomenon.
108. Dark energy, mysterious as it sounds, has become part of the furniture in cosmology.
109. That was the year astronomers first discovered that the expansion of the universe has been speeding up over time, with dark energy acting as the accelerator.
110. Two decades later, multiple independent measurements agree that dark energy comprises about 70% of the universe’s contents.
111. When Sarkar and his colleagues looked at supernovas, they didn’t see a universe that’s accelerating uniformly in all directions due to dark energy.
112. Furthermore, negative masses also make a natural dark energy candidate, as a diffuse background of mutually-repelling negative masses could drive the expansion of the Universe.
113. This has previously ruled out unusual negative mass matter as a dark energy candidate.

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• [{'LOWER': 'dark'}, {'LEMMA': 'energy'}]