"루트 시스템 (root system)과 딘킨 다이어그램 (Dynkin diagram)"의 두 판 사이의 차이

수학노트
둘러보기로 가기 검색하러 가기
72번째 줄: 72번째 줄:
 
[http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=r%3D1-%28sqrt+3+%2B1%29%5E2cos+%286theta%29/2 http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=r%3D1-(sqrt+3+%2B1)^2cos+(6theta)/2]
 
[http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=r%3D1-%28sqrt+3+%2B1%29%5E2cos+%286theta%29/2 http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=r%3D1-(sqrt+3+%2B1)^2cos+(6theta)/2]
  
 
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[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_system ]
 
 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_system
 
  
 
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83번째 줄: 81번째 줄:
  
 
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151번째 줄: 157번째 줄:
 
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynkin_diagram
 
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynkin_diagram
 
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxeter_number
 
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxeter_number
 
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
 
* http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=
 
* [http://dlmf.nist.gov/ NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions]
 
* [http://www.research.att.com/%7Enjas/sequences/index.html The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences]<br>
 
** http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/?q=
 
  
 
 
 
 
168번째 줄: 168번째 줄:
 
* http://www.ams.org/mathscinet
 
* http://www.ams.org/mathscinet
 
* http://dx.doi.org/
 
* http://dx.doi.org/
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic',dotum,gulim,sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-position: 0px 100%;">관련도서</h5>
 
 
*  도서내검색<br>
 
** http://books.google.com/books?q=
 
** http://book.daum.net/search/contentSearch.do?query=
 
*  도서검색<br>
 
** http://books.google.com/books?q=
 
** http://book.daum.net/search/mainSearch.do?query=
 
** http://book.daum.net/search/mainSearch.do?query=
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic',dotum,gulim,sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-position: 0px 100%;">관련기사</h5>
 
 
*  네이버 뉴스 검색 (키워드 수정)<br>
 
** http://news.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=news&x=0&y=0&sm=tab_hty&query=
 
** http://news.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=news&x=0&y=0&sm=tab_hty&query=
 
** http://news.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=news&x=0&y=0&sm=tab_hty&query=
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic',dotum,gulim,sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-position: 0px 100%;">블로그</h5>
 
 
*  구글 블로그 검색<br>
 
** http://blogsearch.google.com/blogsearch?q=
 
* [http://navercast.naver.com/science/list 네이버 오늘의과학]
 
* [http://math.dongascience.com/ 수학동아]
 
* [http://www.ams.org/mathmoments/ Mathematical Moments from the AMS]
 
* [http://betterexplained.com/ BetterExplained]
 

2011년 12월 2일 (금) 05:41 판

이 항목의 스프링노트 원문주소

 

 

개요

 

 

 

정의
  • E를 내적이 주어진 유클리드 벡터공간이라 하자.
  • 다음 조건을 만족시키는 E의 유한인 부분집합 \(\Phi\)를 루트 시스템이라 한다.
    •  \(\Phi\)는 E를 스팬(span)하며 \(0 \not \in \Phi\)
    • (reduced) \(\alpha \in \Phi\), \(\lambda \alpha \in \Phi \iff \lambda=\pm 1\)
    • \(\alpha,\beta \in \Phi\)이면   \(\sigma_\alpha(\beta) =\beta-2\frac{(\beta,\alpha)}{(\alpha,\alpha)}\alpha \in \Phi\)
    • \(\langle \beta, \alpha \rangle = 2 \frac{(\beta,\alpha)}{(\alpha,\alpha)} \in \mathbb{Z}\)
  • 마지막 조건을 crystallographic조건이라 한다
  • a subgroup of \(GL(V)\) is crystallographic if it stabilizes a lattice L in V
  • e.g. the Weyl group of a Lie algebra stabilizes the root lattice or the weight lattice

 

 

딘킨 다이어그램 (Dynkin diagram)
  • first draw the simple roots as nodes
  • draw \(4(e_i, e_j)^2\)lines for two roots \(e_i, e_j\)
    \(\frac{\pi}{2}\) , \(\frac{\pi}{3}\), \(\frac{\pi}{4}\), \(\frac{\pi}{6}\)
    0,1,2,3 lines
  • how to classify all connected admissible diagrams
    • subdiagram is also admissible
    • there are at most (n-1) pairs of nodes
    • no node has more than 3 lines
    • study double lines and triple nodes

 

 

 

2차원 루트 시스템의 분류
  • \(A_1\times A_1\), \(A_2\), \(B_2\), \(G_2\)

A1 x A1

http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=r%3D1%2Bcos+(4theta)

A2

http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=r%3D1%2B+cos+(6theta)

B2

http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=r%3D1-+(sqrt2+%2B1)^2+cos+(4theta)

G2

http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=r%3D1-(sqrt+3+%2B1)^2cos+(6theta)/2

[1]

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A_

 

 

reflection groups
  • B_n, C_n, BC_n -> same reflection group (Z/nZ).S_n
  •  

 

 

 

역사

 

 

 

메모
  • reflection groups
  • lie algebras
  • Lie groups
  • algebraic groups
  • surfaces singularities
  • quiver
  • Platonic Solids

 

 

관련된 항목들

 

 

수학용어번역

 

 

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