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== 노트 ==
 
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===위키데이터===
 
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* ID :  [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278079 Q278079]
 
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===말뭉치===
 
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# A posterior probability is the probability of assigning observations to groups given the data.<ref name="ref_90c92a10">[https://support.minitab.com/en-us/minitab/18/help-and-how-to/modeling-statistics/multivariate/supporting-topics/discriminant-analysis/what-are-posterior-and-prior-probabilities/ What are posterior probabilities and prior probabilities?]</ref>
 
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# If you know or can estimate these probabilities, a discriminant analysis can use these prior probabilities in calculating the posterior probabilities.<ref name="ref_90c92a10" />
 
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# …of all joint probabilities, the posterior probability is arrived at.<ref name="ref_f4d25829">[https://www.britannica.com/science/posterior-probability Posterior probability | genetics]</ref>
 
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# Posterior probability is the likelihood that the individual, whose genotype is uncertain, either carries the mutant gene or does not.<ref name="ref_f4d25829" />
 
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# Posterior probability is a revised probability that takes into account new available information.<ref name="ref_433e34d2">[https://www.statistics.com/glossary/posterior-probability/ Posterior Probability]</ref>
 
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# Given any report r submitted to the CPS server, MLA guarantees that the posterior probability of each query content in r is larger than 0.<ref name="ref_d3a22afc">[https://www.thefreedictionary.com/posterior+probability posterior probability]</ref>
 
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# There are many ways to summarize the posterior distribution of tree topologies and branch lengths.<ref name="ref_188b6544">[https://www.beast2.org/summarizing-posterior-trees/ BEAST 2]</ref>
 
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# The 50% majority consensus tree is a tree constructed so that it contains all of the clades that occur in at least 50% of the trees in the posterior distribution.<ref name="ref_188b6544" />
 
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# In other words it contains only the clades that have a posterior probability of >= 50%.<ref name="ref_188b6544" />
 
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# It has sometimes been used to describe the tree associated with the sampled state in the MCMC chain that has the highest posterior probability density.<ref name="ref_188b6544" />
 
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# Bayes factors are used as an intermediate step in calculating the posterior probabilities of each hypothesis.<ref name="ref_9a63b186">[https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/BayesCombo/vignettes/BayesCombo_vignette.html BayesCombo: A Quick Guide]</ref>
 
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# Figure 3 shows a standard Bayesian updating of a prior distribution to a posterior distribution based on the data (likelihood).<ref name="ref_9a63b186" />
 
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# We conclude that the posterior probability of H 0 provide a much more conservative quantification of the mode detection than the significance level.<ref name="ref_d50d2b18">[https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2009/40/aa10990-08/aa10990-08.html On posterior probability and significance level: application to the power spectrum of HD 49 933 observed by CoRoT]</ref>
 
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# A description of the network structure is given first, followed by an explanation of the posterior probability-updating algorithm.<ref name="ref_2d3080b3">[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/posterior-probability posterior probability]</ref>
 
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# Individuals were assigned to the group with the largest posterior probability estimate.<ref name="ref_2d3080b3" />
 
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# Prior to observing x, this distribution is the prior probability p(h); after observing x, it is the posterior probability p(h x).<ref name="ref_2d3080b3" />
 
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# At the same time, neither effect size, nor confidence interval estimate, nor posterior probability can be used to exclude chance as an explanation of data.<ref name="ref_2d3080b3" />
 
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# In Scott (2002) and Congdon (2006), a new method is advanced to compute posterior probabilities of models under consideration.<ref name="ref_d34d19da">[https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ba/1340370554 Robert , Marin : On some difficulties with a posterior probability approximation technique]</ref>
 
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# While it is indeed possible to approximate posterior probabilities based solely on MCMC outputs from single models, as demonstrated by Gelfand and Dey (1994) and Bartolucci et al.<ref name="ref_d34d19da" />
 
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# Bayes' theorem can be used to estimate the posterior probabilities, that is, the probabilities that an email which is received as spam, really is spam, or is in fact legitimate.<ref name="ref_4b248632">[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119536963.ch7 Posterior Probability and Bayes]</ref>
 
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# In statistics, the posterior probability expresses how likely a hypothesis is given a particular set of data.<ref name="ref_a81398d2">[https://deepai.org/machine-learning-glossary-and-terms/posterior-probability Posterior Probability]</ref>
 
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# The posterior probability is one of the quantities involved in Bayes' rule.<ref name="ref_13adb8dd">[https://www.statlect.com/glossary/posterior-probability Posterior probability]</ref>
 
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# This can be done by computing the quantiles of the posterior distribution.<ref name="ref_7c913a98">[https://stephens999.github.io/fiveMinuteStats/summarize_interpret_posterior.html Summarizing and Interpreting the Posterior (analytic)]</ref>
 
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# Essentially this boils down to summarizing the posterior distribution by a single number.<ref name="ref_7c913a98" />
 
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# When \(q\) is a continuous-valued variable, as here, the most common Bayesian point estimate is the mean (or expectation) of the posterior distribution, which is called the “posterior mean”.<ref name="ref_7c913a98" />
 
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# In this contribution we show that the algorithm can also be used to estimate the posterior probability, or the confidence of its decision on each test instance.<ref name="ref_929e1d01">[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/11494683_33 Ensemble Confidence Estimates Posterior Probability]</ref>
 
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# For most problems encountered in fisheries stock assessment, it is impossible to evaluate the posterior distribution (Equation 1.5) analytically.<ref name="ref_87945e98">[http://www.fao.org/3/Y1958E/y1958e04.htm 2. METHODS FOR COMPUTING POSTERIOR DISTRIBUTIONS]</ref>
 
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# Let q denote the parameter vector and p( q ), the posterior probability of the parameter vector q .<ref name="ref_87945e98" />
 
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# q i : i=1,2,...} from the posterior distribution, p( q ), or to determine the relative posterior probabilities for a set of pre-specified vectors of parameters.<ref name="ref_87945e98" />
 
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# The posterior probability for each combination of the two parameters is then calculated using Equation (1.6).<ref name="ref_87945e98" />
 
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# Posterior probability is a conditional probability conditioned on randomly observed data.<ref name="ref_2b57100d">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_probability Posterior probability]</ref>
 
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# In classification, posterior probabilities reflect the uncertainty of assessing an observation to particular class, see also Class membership probabilities.<ref name="ref_2b57100d" />
 
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# While statistical classification methods by definition generate posterior probabilities, Machine Learners usually supply membership values which do not induce any probabilistic confidence.<ref name="ref_2b57100d" />
 
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# A posterior probability, in Bayesian statistics, is the revised or updated probability of an event occurring after taking into consideration new information.<ref name="ref_8a087098">[https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/posterior-probability.asp Posterior Probability Definition]</ref>
 
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# The posterior probability is calculated by updating the prior probability using Bayes' theorem.<ref name="ref_8a087098" />
 
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# Posterior probability distributions should be a better reflection of the underlying truth of a data generating process than the prior probability since the posterior included more information.<ref name="ref_8a087098" />
 
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# A posterior probability can subsequently become a prior for a new updated posterior probability as new information arises and is incorporated into the analysis.<ref name="ref_8a087098" />
 
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# Posterior probability is the probability an event will happen after all evidence or background information has been taken into account.<ref name="ref_29a2ab49">[https://www.statisticshowto.com/posterior-distribution-probability/ Posterior Probability & the Posterior Distribution]</ref>
 
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# The posterior distribution is a way to summarize what we know about uncertain quantities in Bayesian analysis.<ref name="ref_29a2ab49" />
 
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# In other words, the posterior distribution summarizes what you know after the data has been observed.<ref name="ref_29a2ab49" />
 
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# P(Θ|data) on the left hand side is known as the posterior distribution.<ref name="ref_cfb451d7">[https://towardsdatascience.com/probability-concepts-explained-bayesian-inference-for-parameter-estimation-90e8930e5348 Probability concepts explained: Bayesian inference for parameter estimation.]</ref>
 
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# We don’t care about the normalising constant so we have everything we need to calculate the unnormalised posterior distribution.<ref name="ref_cfb451d7" />
 
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# Now we have the posterior distribution for the length of a hydrogen bond we can derive statistics from it.<ref name="ref_cfb451d7" />
 
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# One of the most common statistics calculated from the posterior distribution is the mode.<ref name="ref_cfb451d7" />
 
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===소스===
 
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<references />
 
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== 노트 ==
 
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===소스===
 
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==메타데이터==
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===위키데이터===
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* ID :  [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278079 Q278079]
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===Spacy 패턴 목록===
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* [{'LOWER': 'posterior'}, {'LEMMA': 'probability'}]
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* [{'LOWER': 'posterior'}, {'LOWER': 'probability'}, {'LEMMA': 'distribution'}]
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* [{'LOWER': 'posterior'}, {'LEMMA': 'distribution'}]
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* [{'LOWER': 'posterior'}, {'LEMMA': 'probability'}]
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* [{'LOWER': 'posterior'}, {'LOWER': 'probability'}, {'LOWER': 'density'}, {'LEMMA': 'function'}]
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* [{'LOWER': 'a'}, {'LOWER': 'posteriori'}, {'LEMMA': 'distribution'}]
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* [{'LOWER': 'relative'}, {'LOWER': 'frequency'}, {'LEMMA': 'probability'}]
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* [{'LOWER': 'a'}, {'LOWER': 'posterior'}, {'LEMMA': 'probability'}]

2021년 2월 17일 (수) 01:21 기준 최신판

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말뭉치

  1. In statistics, the posterior probability expresses how likely a hypothesis is given a particular set of data.[1]
  2. Posterior probability is the probability an event will happen after all evidence or background information has been taken into account.[2]
  3. The posterior distribution is a way to summarize what we know about uncertain quantities in Bayesian analysis.[2]
  4. In other words, the posterior distribution summarizes what you know after the data has been observed.[2]
  5. Posterior probability is a conditional probability conditioned on randomly observed data.[3]
  6. In classification, posterior probabilities reflect the uncertainty of assessing an observation to particular class, see also Class membership probabilities.[3]
  7. While statistical classification methods by definition generate posterior probabilities, Machine Learners usually supply membership values which do not induce any probabilistic confidence.[3]
  8. A posterior probability, in Bayesian statistics, is the revised or updated probability of an event occurring after taking into consideration new information.[4]
  9. The posterior probability is calculated by updating the prior probability using Bayes' theorem.[4]
  10. Posterior probability distributions should be a better reflection of the underlying truth of a data generating process than the prior probability since the posterior included more information.[4]
  11. A posterior probability can subsequently become a prior for a new updated posterior probability as new information arises and is incorporated into the analysis.[4]
  12. For most problems encountered in fisheries stock assessment, it is impossible to evaluate the posterior distribution (Equation 1.5) analytically.[5]
  13. Let q denote the parameter vector and p( q ), the posterior probability of the parameter vector q .[5]
  14. q i : i=1,2,...} from the posterior distribution, p( q ), or to determine the relative posterior probabilities for a set of pre-specified vectors of parameters.[5]
  15. The posterior probability for each combination of the two parameters is then calculated using Equation (1.6).[5]
  16. This can be done by computing the quantiles of the posterior distribution.[6]
  17. Essentially this boils down to summarizing the posterior distribution by a single number.[6]
  18. When \(q\) is a continuous-valued variable, as here, the most common Bayesian point estimate is the mean (or expectation) of the posterior distribution, which is called the “posterior mean”.[6]
  19. The posterior probability is one of the quantities involved in Bayes' rule.[7]
  20. In sum, contrary to the common account, naive respondents do not perform well on tasks devised to improve their understanding of posterior probability.[8]
  21. Two notes are in order about the tasks that have documented the existence of an early understanding of prior and posterior probability (e.g., Task B and B').[8]
  22. …of all joint probabilities, the posterior probability is arrived at.[9]
  23. Posterior probability is the likelihood that the individual, whose genotype is uncertain, either carries the mutant gene or does not.[9]
  24. Range of the posterior probability of an interval over the ε-contamination class Γ={π=(1−ε)π 0 +εq:qεQ} is derived.[10]
  25. We show that the sup (resp. inf) of the posterior probability of an interval is attained by a prior which is equal to (1−ε)π 0 except in one interval (resp.[10]
  26. In Scott (2002) and Congdon (2006), a new method is advanced to compute posterior probabilities of models under consideration.[11]
  27. While it is indeed possible to approximate posterior probabilities based solely on MCMC outputs from single models, as demonstrated by Gelfand and Dey (1994) and Bartolucci et al.[11]
  28. Bayes' theorem can be used to estimate the posterior probabilities, that is, the probabilities that an email which is received as spam, really is spam, or is in fact legitimate.[12]
  29. A posterior probability is the probability of assigning observations to groups given the data.[13]
  30. If you know or can estimate these probabilities, a discriminant analysis can use these prior probabilities in calculating the posterior probabilities.[13]
  31. P(Θ|data) on the left hand side is known as the posterior distribution.[14]
  32. We don’t care about the normalising constant so we have everything we need to calculate the unnormalised posterior distribution.[14]
  33. Now we have the posterior distribution for the length of a hydrogen bond we can derive statistics from it.[14]
  34. One of the most common statistics calculated from the posterior distribution is the mode.[14]
  35. This approximation to the likelihood function was used because a full characterization of the posterior probability function had not yet been performed.[15]
  36. In this case the reconstruction is chosen to maximize the posterior probability and task performance involves using the posterior probability of the various alternatives as the decision variable.[15]
  37. The results demonstrate the improvement in detection performance that can be achieved when the full posterior probability function is incorporated into the decision variable.[15]
  38. Given any report r submitted to the CPS server, MLA guarantees that the posterior probability of each query content in r is larger than 0.[16]
  39. Posterior probability is a revised probability that takes into account new available information.[17]
  40. A description of the network structure is given first, followed by an explanation of the posterior probability-updating algorithm.[18]
  41. Individuals were assigned to the group with the largest posterior probability estimate.[18]
  42. Prior to observing x, this distribution is the prior probability p(h); after observing x, it is the posterior probability p(h x).[18]
  43. At the same time, neither effect size, nor confidence interval estimate, nor posterior probability can be used to exclude chance as an explanation of data.[18]
  44. There are many ways to summarize the posterior distribution of tree topologies and branch lengths.[19]
  45. The 50% majority consensus tree is a tree constructed so that it contains all of the clades that occur in at least 50% of the trees in the posterior distribution.[19]
  46. In other words it contains only the clades that have a posterior probability of >= 50%.[19]
  47. It has sometimes been used to describe the tree associated with the sampled state in the MCMC chain that has the highest posterior probability density.[19]
  48. We conclude that the posterior probability of H 0 provide a much more conservative quantification of the mode detection than the significance level.[20]
  49. In this contribution we show that the algorithm can also be used to estimate the posterior probability, or the confidence of its decision on each test instance.[21]
  50. Uniform prior probabilities allow a frequentist posterior probability distribution of a study result’s replication to be calculated conditional solely on the study’s observations.[22]
  51. Attempts have been made to calculate posterior probabilities by avoiding an explicitly Bayesian approach.[22]
  52. This will provide the posterior probability of each possible true result from Θ 1 to Q 101 .[22]
  53. The curve markers represent actual likelihood and posterior probabilities.[22]

소스

  1. ↑ Posterior Probability
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Posterior Probability & the Posterior Distribution
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Posterior probability
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Posterior Probability Definition
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 2. METHODS FOR COMPUTING POSTERIOR DISTRIBUTIONS
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Summarizing and Interpreting the Posterior (analytic)
  7. ↑ Posterior probability
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Basic understanding of posterior probability
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Posterior probability | genetics
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Range of the posterior probability of an interval for priors with unimodality preserving contaminations
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Robert , Marin : On some difficulties with a posterior probability approximation technique
  12. ↑ Posterior Probability and Bayes
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 What are posterior probabilities and prior probabilities?
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Probability concepts explained: Bayesian inference for parameter estimation.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Task performance based on the posterior probability of maximum-entropy reconstructions obtained with MEMSYS 3
  16. ↑ posterior probability
  17. ↑ Posterior Probability
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 posterior probability
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 BEAST 2
  20. ↑ On posterior probability and significance level: application to the power spectrum of HD 49 933 observed by CoRoT
  21. ↑ Ensemble Confidence Estimates Posterior Probability
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 Replacing P-values with frequentist posterior probabilities of replication—When possible parameter values must have uniform marginal prior probabilities

메타데이터

위키데이터

Spacy 패턴 목록

  • [{'LOWER': 'posterior'}, {'LEMMA': 'probability'}]
  • [{'LOWER': 'posterior'}, {'LOWER': 'probability'}, {'LEMMA': 'distribution'}]
  • [{'LOWER': 'posterior'}, {'LEMMA': 'distribution'}]
  • [{'LOWER': 'posterior'}, {'LEMMA': 'probability'}]
  • [{'LOWER': 'posterior'}, {'LOWER': 'probability'}, {'LOWER': 'density'}, {'LEMMA': 'function'}]
  • [{'LOWER': 'a'}, {'LOWER': 'posteriori'}, {'LEMMA': 'distribution'}]
  • [{'LOWER': 'relative'}, {'LOWER': 'frequency'}, {'LEMMA': 'probability'}]
  • [{'LOWER': 'a'}, {'LOWER': 'posterior'}, {'LEMMA': 'probability'}]
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