미국 수학 공통 핵심 교육과정 (Common Core State Standards)

개요

• 홈페이지 http://www.corestandards.org/Math/
• http://achievethecore.org/
• http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/what-exactly-are-the-common-core-standards/article/2571199

취지

Schmidt, Houang, & Cogan, “A Coherent Curriculum: The Case of Mathematics.” (2002).

• 커먼코어의 첫 문단

For over a decade, research studies of mathematics education in high-performing countries have pointed to the conclusion that the mathematics curriculum in the United States must become substantially more focused and coherent in order to improve mathematics achievement in this country. To deliver on the promise of common standards, the standards must address the problem of a curriculum that is “a mile wide and an inch deep.” These Standards are a substantial answer to that challenge.

The composite standards [of Hong Kong, Korea and Singapore] have a number of features that can inform an international benchmarking process for the development of K–6 mathematics standards in the U.S. First, the composite standards concentrate the early learning of mathematics on the number, measurement, and geometry strands with less emphasis on data analysis and little exposure to algebra. The Hong Kong standards for grades 1–3 devote approximately half the targeted time to numbers and almost all the time remaining to geometry and measurement. — Ginsburg, Leinwand and Decker, 2009

• “With Common Core, Fewer Topics but Covered More Rigorously - NYTimes.com.”http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/03/science/fewer-topics-covered-more-rigorously.html?_r=0.
• Less is more: math under the Common Core

주요 변화

• Focus: Focus strongly where the Standards focus. 더 적은 중요한 것에 대한 집중 (이를 통해 더 많은 시간을 확보)
• Coherence: Think across grades and link to major topics within grades. 수학의 주제는 분절된 것이 아니라 서로 연결되어 있다. 개념적 이해의 진전, 긴밀성, 응집성, 연결된 전체의 부분, 통일성의 지향, 몇 가지의 원리 아래에 수학을 통합
• Rigor: In major topics, pursue conceptual understanding, procedural skill and fluency, and application,

rigor : 교실에서 일어나는 일에 대한 것, 개념에 대한 깊은 이해 , fluency, 응용

인물

• Phil Daro, Jason Zimba, William McCallum
• http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2014/12/29/371918272/the-man-behind-common-core-math

의견

• “Common Core Math Standards Implementation Can Lead to Improved Student Achievement | Achieve.” Accessed September 17, 2015. http://www.achieve.org/common-core-math-standards-implementation-can-lead-improved-student-achievement.
• http://www.ams.org/notices/201505/rnoti-p508.pdf
• https://math.berkeley.edu/~wu/wu2011
• https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/education/report/2015/08/13/119239/math-matters/
• Wu, The Mis-Education of Mathematics Teachers, Notices Amer. Math. Soc. 58 (2011), 372-384.

메모

• https://vimeo.com/achievethecore/videos/search:shift/sort:alphabetical/format:thumbnail
• The Next Generation Science Standards

관련논문

• 차성현, 미국의 수학 공통 핵심 교육과정 및 우리나라 수학교육 개선을 위한 시사점, 2012
• Schmidt, William H., and Richard T. Houang. “Curricular Coherence and the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics.” Educational Researcher 41, no. 8 (November 1, 2012): 294–308. doi:10.3102/0013189X12464517.
  • http://www.achieve.org/CCSS-schmidt-research
• Informing Grades 1-6 Mathematics Standards Development: What Can Be Learned from High-Performing Hong Kong, Singapore, and Korea? American Institutes for Research, 2009 http://www.air.org/sites/default/files/downloads/report/MathStandards_0.pdf