"P진 감마함수(p-adic gamma function)"의 두 판 사이의 차이
Pythagoras0 (토론 | 기여) |
Pythagoras0 (토론 | 기여) |
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10번째 줄: | 10번째 줄: | ||
* 이를 <math>\mathbb{Z}_p</math>로 연속함수로 확장하여, p-adic 감마함수를 얻음 | * 이를 <math>\mathbb{Z}_p</math>로 연속함수로 확장하여, p-adic 감마함수를 얻음 | ||
+ | ==예== | ||
+ | * $p=3$인 경우 | ||
+ | $$ | ||
+ | \begin{array}{c|c} | ||
+ | n & \Gamma _3(n) \\ | ||
+ | \hline | ||
+ | -10 & -\frac{1}{22400} \\ | ||
+ | -9 & -\frac{1}{2240} \\ | ||
+ | -8 & \frac{1}{2240} \\ | ||
+ | -7 & \frac{1}{280} \\ | ||
+ | -6 & \frac{1}{40} \\ | ||
+ | -5 & -\frac{1}{40} \\ | ||
+ | -4 & -\frac{1}{8} \\ | ||
+ | -3 & -\frac{1}{2} \\ | ||
+ | -2 & \frac{1}{2} \\ | ||
+ | -1 & 1 \\ | ||
+ | 0 & 1 \\ | ||
+ | 1 & -1 \\ | ||
+ | 2 & 1 \\ | ||
+ | 3 & -2 \\ | ||
+ | 4 & 2 \\ | ||
+ | 5 & -8 \\ | ||
+ | 6 & 40 \\ | ||
+ | 7 & -40 \\ | ||
+ | 8 & 280 \\ | ||
+ | 9 & -2240 \\ | ||
+ | 10 & 2240 | ||
+ | \end{array} | ||
+ | $$ | ||
+ | |||
==기본적인 성질== | ==기본적인 성질== | ||
16번째 줄: | 46번째 줄: | ||
* <math>x \equiv y \pmod {p^r}</math> 이면 <math>\Gamma_p(x)\equiv \Gamma_p(y) \pmod {p^r}</math> | * <math>x \equiv y \pmod {p^r}</math> 이면 <math>\Gamma_p(x)\equiv \Gamma_p(y) \pmod {p^r}</math> | ||
* <math>p>3</math> 이면 <math>|\Gamma_p(x)-\Gamma_p(y)|_p \leq |x-y|_p</math> | * <math>p>3</math> 이면 <math>|\Gamma_p(x)-\Gamma_p(y)|_p \leq |x-y|_p</math> | ||
+ | ===테이블=== | ||
+ | * 소수 $p$와 정수 $x$에 대하여, $\operatorname{ord}_p x$를 $a\equiv 0\pmod {p^m}$을 만족하는 최대의 $m\in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}$으로 정의하자 | ||
+ | * 유리수 $x=a/b$에 대해서는 $\operatorname{ord}_p x:=\operatorname{ord}_p a-\operatorname{ord}_p b$ | ||
+ | $$ | ||
+ | \begin{array}{c|c|c} | ||
+ | \{x,y\} & \operatorname{ord}_5 (x-y) & \operatorname{ord}_5 \left(\Gamma _5(x)-\Gamma _5(y)\right) \\ | ||
+ | \hline | ||
+ | \{-5,-4\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{-5,-3\} & 0 & 1 \\ | ||
+ | \{-5,-2\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{-5,-1\} & 0 & 2 \\ | ||
+ | \{-5,0\} & 1 & 2 \\ | ||
+ | \{-5,1\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{-5,2\} & 0 & 2 \\ | ||
+ | \{-5,3\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{-5,4\} & 0 & 1 \\ | ||
+ | \{-5,5\} & 1 & 2 \\ | ||
+ | \{-4,-3\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{-4,-2\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{-4,-1\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{-4,0\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{-4,1\} & 1 & 2 \\ | ||
+ | \{-4,2\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{-4,3\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{-4,4\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{-4,5\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{-3,-2\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{-3,-1\} & 0 & 1 \\ | ||
+ | \{-3,0\} & 0 & 1 \\ | ||
+ | \{-3,1\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{-3,2\} & 1 & 1 \\ | ||
+ | \{-3,3\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{-3,4\} & 0 & 1 \\ | ||
+ | \{-3,5\} & 0 & 1 \\ | ||
+ | \{-2,-1\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{-2,0\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{-2,1\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{-2,2\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{-2,3\} & 1 & 1 \\ | ||
+ | \{-2,4\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{-2,5\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{-1,0\} & 0 & \infty \\ | ||
+ | \{-1,1\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{-1,2\} & 0 & \infty \\ | ||
+ | \{-1,3\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{-1,4\} & 1 & 1 \\ | ||
+ | \{-1,5\} & 0 & 2 \\ | ||
+ | \{0,1\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{0,2\} & 0 & \infty \\ | ||
+ | \{0,3\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{0,4\} & 0 & 1 \\ | ||
+ | \{0,5\} & 1 & 2 \\ | ||
+ | \{1,2\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{1,3\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{1,4\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{1,5\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{2,3\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{2,4\} & 0 & 1 \\ | ||
+ | \{2,5\} & 0 & 2 \\ | ||
+ | \{3,4\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{3,5\} & 0 & 0 \\ | ||
+ | \{4,5\} & 0 & 1 | ||
+ | \end{array} | ||
+ | $$ | ||
24번째 줄: | 118번째 줄: | ||
:<math>\Gamma_p(x)\Gamma_p(1-x)=(-1)^{l(x)}</math> | :<math>\Gamma_p(x)\Gamma_p(1-x)=(-1)^{l(x)}</math> | ||
여기서 <math>x\equiv l(x) \pmod p</math>, <math>l(x)\in \{1,2,\cdots, p\}</math> | 여기서 <math>x\equiv l(x) \pmod p</math>, <math>l(x)\in \{1,2,\cdots, p\}</math> | ||
− | + | $$ | |
+ | \begin{array}{c|cccc} | ||
+ | x & \Gamma _3(x) & \Gamma _3(1-x) & \Gamma _3(1-x) \Gamma _3(x) & (-1)^{l(x)} \\ | ||
+ | \hline | ||
+ | -10 & -\frac{1}{22400} & -22400 & 1 & 1 \\ | ||
+ | -9 & -\frac{1}{2240} & 2240 & -1 & -1 \\ | ||
+ | -8 & \frac{1}{2240} & -2240 & -1 & -1 \\ | ||
+ | -7 & \frac{1}{280} & 280 & 1 & 1 \\ | ||
+ | -6 & \frac{1}{40} & -40 & -1 & -1 \\ | ||
+ | -5 & -\frac{1}{40} & 40 & -1 & -1 \\ | ||
+ | -4 & -\frac{1}{8} & -8 & 1 & 1 \\ | ||
+ | -3 & -\frac{1}{2} & 2 & -1 & -1 \\ | ||
+ | -2 & \frac{1}{2} & -2 & -1 & -1 \\ | ||
+ | -1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ | ||
+ | 0 & 1 & -1 & -1 & -1 \\ | ||
+ | 1 & -1 & 1 & -1 & -1 \\ | ||
+ | 2 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ | ||
+ | 3 & -2 & \frac{1}{2} & -1 & -1 \\ | ||
+ | 4 & 2 & -\frac{1}{2} & -1 & -1 \\ | ||
+ | 5 & -8 & -\frac{1}{8} & 1 & 1 \\ | ||
+ | 6 & 40 & -\frac{1}{40} & -1 & -1 \\ | ||
+ | 7 & -40 & \frac{1}{40} & -1 & -1 \\ | ||
+ | 8 & 280 & \frac{1}{280} & 1 & 1 \\ | ||
+ | 9 & -2240 & \frac{1}{2240} & -1 & -1 \\ | ||
+ | 10 & 2240 & -\frac{1}{2240} & -1 & -1 | ||
+ | \end{array} | ||
+ | $$ | ||
38번째 줄: | 158번째 줄: | ||
+ | ==매스매티카 파일 및 계산 리소스== | ||
+ | * https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B8XXo8Tve1cxeS1SUlM0MWxYNWc/edit | ||
2014년 7월 12일 (토) 08:18 판
개요
정의
- 자연수 \(n\) 에 대하여 다음과 같이 정의
\[\Gamma_p(n)=(-1)^n\prod_{(i,p)=1}^{n-1} i\]
- 이를 \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)로 연속함수로 확장하여, p-adic 감마함수를 얻음
예
- $p=3$인 경우
$$ \begin{array}{c|c} n & \Gamma _3(n) \\ \hline -10 & -\frac{1}{22400} \\ -9 & -\frac{1}{2240} \\ -8 & \frac{1}{2240} \\ -7 & \frac{1}{280} \\ -6 & \frac{1}{40} \\ -5 & -\frac{1}{40} \\ -4 & -\frac{1}{8} \\ -3 & -\frac{1}{2} \\ -2 & \frac{1}{2} \\ -1 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 \\ 1 & -1 \\ 2 & 1 \\ 3 & -2 \\ 4 & 2 \\ 5 & -8 \\ 6 & 40 \\ 7 & -40 \\ 8 & 280 \\ 9 & -2240 \\ 10 & 2240 \end{array} $$
기본적인 성질
- \(x\in p\mathbb{Z}_p\) 일 때, \(\Gamma_p(x+1)=-\Gamma_p(x)\)
- \(x\not \in p\mathbb{Z}_p\) 일 때, \(\Gamma_p(x+1)=-x\Gamma_p(x)\)
- \(x \equiv y \pmod {p^r}\) 이면 \(\Gamma_p(x)\equiv \Gamma_p(y) \pmod {p^r}\)
- \(p>3\) 이면 \(|\Gamma_p(x)-\Gamma_p(y)|_p \leq |x-y|_p\)
테이블
- 소수 $p$와 정수 $x$에 대하여, $\operatorname{ord}_p x$를 $a\equiv 0\pmod {p^m}$을 만족하는 최대의 $m\in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}$으로 정의하자
- 유리수 $x=a/b$에 대해서는 $\operatorname{ord}_p x:=\operatorname{ord}_p a-\operatorname{ord}_p b$
$$ \begin{array}{c|c|c} \{x,y\} & \operatorname{ord}_5 (x-y) & \operatorname{ord}_5 \left(\Gamma _5(x)-\Gamma _5(y)\right) \\ \hline \{-5,-4\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{-5,-3\} & 0 & 1 \\ \{-5,-2\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{-5,-1\} & 0 & 2 \\ \{-5,0\} & 1 & 2 \\ \{-5,1\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{-5,2\} & 0 & 2 \\ \{-5,3\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{-5,4\} & 0 & 1 \\ \{-5,5\} & 1 & 2 \\ \{-4,-3\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{-4,-2\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{-4,-1\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{-4,0\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{-4,1\} & 1 & 2 \\ \{-4,2\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{-4,3\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{-4,4\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{-4,5\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{-3,-2\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{-3,-1\} & 0 & 1 \\ \{-3,0\} & 0 & 1 \\ \{-3,1\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{-3,2\} & 1 & 1 \\ \{-3,3\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{-3,4\} & 0 & 1 \\ \{-3,5\} & 0 & 1 \\ \{-2,-1\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{-2,0\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{-2,1\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{-2,2\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{-2,3\} & 1 & 1 \\ \{-2,4\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{-2,5\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{-1,0\} & 0 & \infty \\ \{-1,1\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{-1,2\} & 0 & \infty \\ \{-1,3\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{-1,4\} & 1 & 1 \\ \{-1,5\} & 0 & 2 \\ \{0,1\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{0,2\} & 0 & \infty \\ \{0,3\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{0,4\} & 0 & 1 \\ \{0,5\} & 1 & 2 \\ \{1,2\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{1,3\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{1,4\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{1,5\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{2,3\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{2,4\} & 0 & 1 \\ \{2,5\} & 0 & 2 \\ \{3,4\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{3,5\} & 0 & 0 \\ \{4,5\} & 0 & 1 \end{array} $$
반사공식
- \(p\neq 2\)이고, \(x\in \mathbb{Z}_p\) 에 대하여 다음 반사공식이 성립
\[\Gamma_p(x)\Gamma_p(1-x)=(-1)^{l(x)}\] 여기서 \(x\equiv l(x) \pmod p\), \(l(x)\in \{1,2,\cdots, p\}\) $$ \begin{array}{c|cccc} x & \Gamma _3(x) & \Gamma _3(1-x) & \Gamma _3(1-x) \Gamma _3(x) & (-1)^{l(x)} \\ \hline -10 & -\frac{1}{22400} & -22400 & 1 & 1 \\ -9 & -\frac{1}{2240} & 2240 & -1 & -1 \\ -8 & \frac{1}{2240} & -2240 & -1 & -1 \\ -7 & \frac{1}{280} & 280 & 1 & 1 \\ -6 & \frac{1}{40} & -40 & -1 & -1 \\ -5 & -\frac{1}{40} & 40 & -1 & -1 \\ -4 & -\frac{1}{8} & -8 & 1 & 1 \\ -3 & -\frac{1}{2} & 2 & -1 & -1 \\ -2 & \frac{1}{2} & -2 & -1 & -1 \\ -1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & -1 & -1 & -1 \\ 1 & -1 & 1 & -1 & -1 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 3 & -2 & \frac{1}{2} & -1 & -1 \\ 4 & 2 & -\frac{1}{2} & -1 & -1 \\ 5 & -8 & -\frac{1}{8} & 1 & 1 \\ 6 & 40 & -\frac{1}{40} & -1 & -1 \\ 7 & -40 & \frac{1}{40} & -1 & -1 \\ 8 & 280 & \frac{1}{280} & 1 & 1 \\ 9 & -2240 & \frac{1}{2240} & -1 & -1 \\ 10 & 2240 & -\frac{1}{2240} & -1 & -1 \end{array} $$
역사
관련된 항목들
매스매티카 파일 및 계산 리소스
관련논문
- The Gross Koblitz formula revisited
- Robert, Alain M. , Rend. Sem. Mat. Univ. Padova 105 (2001) 157 170.
- p-adic gamma functions and their applications
- Jack Diamond, 1984
- The p-adic gamma function and congruences of Atkin and. Swinnerton-Dyer
- L. van Hamme, Groupe d'étude d'analyse ultramétrique, 9e année 81/82, Fasc. 3 no. J17-6p
- Gauss Sums and the p-adic Γ-function
- Benedict H. Gross and Neal Koblitz, The Annals of Mathematics, Second Series, Vol. 109, No. 3 (May, 1979), pp. 569-581
- The $p$-Adic Log Gamma Function and $p$-Adic Euler Constants
- Jack Diamond, Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, Vol. 233, (Oct., 1977), pp. 321-337
- A p-adic analogue of the $\Gamma$-function
- Morita, Yasuo, Journal of the Faculty of Science, the University of Tokyo. Sect. 1 A, Mathematics, Vol.22(1975), No.2, Page 255-266