삼각함수의 적분

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

사인과 코사인의 거듭제곱

\(\int\sin^n {x}\;dx = -\frac{\sin^{n-1} x\cos x}{n} + \frac{n-1}{n}\int\sin^{n-2} x\;dx \qquad\mbox{(for }n>2\mbox{)}\,\!\)

 

(증명)

 

\(\int\sin^n {x}\,dx = \int\sin^{n-2}{x} (1-\cos^2 x)\,dx=\int\sin^{n-2}{x}-\sin^{n-2}{x}\cos^2 x\,dx=\int\sin^{n-2}{x}-\int \sin^{n-2}{x}\cos^2 x\,dx\)

 

\(\int \sin^{n-2}{x}\cos^2 x\,dx=\int (\sin^{n-2}{x}\cos x)\cos x \,dx=\frac{1}{n-1}\sin^{n-1}x\cos x+\int \frac{1}{n-1}\sin^{n-1}x \sin x dx=\frac{1}{n-1}\sin^{n-1}x\cos x+\frac{1}{n-1}\int \sin^{n}x \,dx\)

치환적분 \(u=\cos x\), \(dv=\sin^{n-2}x\cos x \dx\)

 

\(\int\sin^n {x}\,dx=\int\sin^{n-2}{x}-\int \sin^{n-2}{x}\cos^2 x\,dx=\int\sin^{n-2}{x}-\frac{1}{n-1}\sin^{n-1}x\cos x-\frac{1}{n-1}\int \sin^{n}x \,dx\)

\(\frac{n}{n-1}\int \sin^{n}x \,dx=\int\sin^{n-2}{x}-\frac{1}{n-1}\sin^{n-1}x\cos x\)

 

\(\int\sin^n {x}\;dx = -\frac{\sin^{n-1} x\cos x}{n} + \frac{n-1}{n}\int\sin^{n-2} x\;dx\)

 

 

 

 

\(\int\cos^n x\;dx = \frac{\cos^{n-1} x\sin x}{n} + \frac{n-1}{n}\int\cos^{n-2} x\;dx \qquad\mbox{(for }n>2\mbox{)}\,\!\)

 

• 이 결과들은 월리스 곱 (Wallis product formula) 에 응용할 수 있다
  

 

 

 

탄젠트와 시컨트의 거듭제곱

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_of_secant_cubed
  

 

\(\begin{align} \int \sec^3 x \, dx &{}= \int u\,dv \\ &{}= uv - \int v\,du \\ &{} = \sec x \tan x - \int \sec x \tan^2 x\,dx \\ &{}= \sec x \tan x - \int \sec x\, (\sec^2 x - 1)\,dx \\ &{}= \sec x \tan x - \left(\int \sec^3 x \, dx - \int \sec x\,dx.\right) \\ &{}= \sec x \tan x - \int \sec^3 x \, dx + \int \sec x\,dx. \end{align}\)

 

 

재미있는 사실

 

• Math Overflow http://mathoverflow.net/search?q=
• 네이버 지식인 http://kin.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=kin_qna&query=

 

 

역사

 

• http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&tbs=tl:1&q=
• Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics
• Earliest Uses of Various Mathematical Symbols
• 수학사연표

 

 

 

 

 

 

수학용어번역

• 단어사전 http://www.google.com/dictionary?langpair=en%7Cko&q=
• 발음사전 http://www.forvo.com/search/
• 대한수학회 수학 학술 용어집
  
  • http://mathnet.kaist.ac.kr/mathnet/math_list.php?mode=list&ftype=eng_term&fstr=
• 남·북한수학용어비교
• 대한수학회 수학용어한글화 게시판

 

 

사전 형태의 자료

• http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
• http://www.proofwiki.org/wiki/
• http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=
• The Online Encyclopaedia of Mathematics
• NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions
• The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences

 

 

관련논문

• http://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=
• http://www.ams.org/mathscinet
• http://dx.doi.org/

 

 

관련도서

• 도서내검색
  
  • http://books.google.com/books?q=
  • http://book.daum.net/search/contentSearch.do?query=
• 도서검색
  
  • http://books.google.com/books?q=
  • http://book.daum.net/search/mainSearch.do?query=
  • http://book.daum.net/search/mainSearch.do?query=

 

 

관련기사

• 네이버 뉴스 검색 (키워드 수정)
  
  • http://news.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=news&x=0&y=0&sm=tab_hty&query=
  • http://news.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=news&x=0&y=0&sm=tab_hty&query=
  • http://news.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=news&x=0&y=0&sm=tab_hty&query=

 

 

링크

• 구글 블로그 검색
  
  • http://blogsearch.google.com/blogsearch?q=
• 네이버 오늘의과학
• Mathematical Moments from the AMS
• BetterExplained
• exampleproblems.com