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1번째 줄: 1번째 줄:
 
== 노트 ==
 
== 노트 ==
  
−
* It should be noted that WPA is an interim standard that will be replaced with the IEEE��s 802.11i standard upon its completion.<ref name="ref_6a16">[https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/WPA.html What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)? Webopedia Definition]</ref>
+
* And WPA2 was considered much more secure than the long-dead WEP security.<ref name="ref_b47d">[https://www.networkworld.com/article/3316567/what-is-wpa3-wi-fi-security-protocol-strengthens-connections.html What is WPA3? And some gotchas to watch out for in this Wi-Fi security upgrade]</ref>
−
* WPA and WPA2 have become the de facto security standards for wireless networks – succeeding WEP standard.<ref name="ref_1405">[https://rhinosecuritylabs.com/penetration-testing/wpa-hacking-introduction-wifi-network-security/ WPA Hacking: Network Perimeter Security]</ref>
+
* WPA2 was made available in 2004 and all network devices from 2006 and on are required to be WPA2 certified.<ref name="ref_4cb8">[https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/w/wpa.htm What is WPA?]</ref>
−
* To do this we’ll use Aircrack-NG pointing to our wordlist as a list of keys to validate against the key used in the WPA handshake.<ref name="ref_1405" />
+
* Despite providing more advanced security and encryption protocols, WPA2 still has one major flaw.<ref name="ref_4cb8" />
−
* Once done, the devices exchange information and setup a secure WPA connection for further communications.<ref name="ref_1405" />
+
* The Wi-Fi Protected Setup feature makes it possible to bypass WPA2, which essentially breaks the security in many cases.<ref name="ref_4cb8" />
−
* Protected Access WPA stands for Wi-Fi Protected Access.<ref name="ref_891a">[https://www.javatpoint.com/wpa-full-form WPA Full Form]</ref>
+
* WPA was first used with the introduction of the Microsoft Windows XP operating system.<ref name="ref_4cb8" />
−
* Since 2006, all network devices are required to be WPA2 certified.<ref name="ref_891a" />
 
−
* So the WiFi Protected Access standard was developed, or WPA for short.<ref name="ref_a075">[https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/security-essentials/wpa-security-explained-what-is-wi-fi-protected-access WPA security explained: what is Wi-Fi Protected Access?]</ref>
 
−
* The main weakness of WPA was that it was designed to use some of the same vulnerable technologies that WEP used.<ref name="ref_a075" />
 
−
* But that’s because WPA was designed so that devices that were made to use WEP could use the more secure WPA with a software update.<ref name="ref_a075" />
 
−
* Without getting into too much technical jargon, cyber attackers found a way to bypass WPA2 encryption through WPS.<ref name="ref_a075" />
 
−
* WEP and WPA (along with WPA2) are names for different encryption tools used to secure your wireless connection.<ref name="ref_f052">[https://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/net-wireless-wepwpa.html.en What do WEP and WPA mean?]</ref>
 
−
* WEP stands for Wired Equivalent Privacy, and WPA stands for Wireless Protected Access.<ref name="ref_f052" />
 
−
* If your wireless card and router support WPA2, that is what you should use when setting up your wireless network.<ref name="ref_f052" />
 
−
* WPA stands for Wi-Fi Protected Access.<ref name="ref_96f7">[https://www.speedcheck.org/wiki/wpa/ What is WPA?]</ref>
 
−
* The WPA was released in 2003 as an interim standard to answer the immediate need for a more secure protocol.<ref name="ref_96f7" />
 
−
* Unlike the 64 and 128-bit keys of WEP, WPA keys use 256-bit keys.<ref name="ref_96f7" />
 
−
* Meanwhile, one of the upgrades provided in WPA was the incorporation of message integrity checks.<ref name="ref_96f7" />
 
 
* One method of establishing security on your network is to set up WEP, WPA™ or WPA2™ as your wireless security mode.<ref name="ref_ef99">[https://www.linksys.com/ca/support-article?articleNum=139152 Setting up WEP, WPA or WPA2 wireless security]</ref>
 
* One method of establishing security on your network is to set up WEP, WPA™ or WPA2™ as your wireless security mode.<ref name="ref_ef99">[https://www.linksys.com/ca/support-article?articleNum=139152 Setting up WEP, WPA or WPA2 wireless security]</ref>
 
* WPA2/WPA Mixed Mode is also referred to as PSK2-Mixed for some Linksys routers.<ref name="ref_ef99" />
 
* WPA2/WPA Mixed Mode is also referred to as PSK2-Mixed for some Linksys routers.<ref name="ref_ef99" />
 
* WPA2 Personal is also referred to as PSK2 for some Linksys routers.<ref name="ref_ef99" />
 
* WPA2 Personal is also referred to as PSK2 for some Linksys routers.<ref name="ref_ef99" />
 
* WPA Personal is also referred to as WPA Pre-Shared Key or PSK Personal for some Linksys routers.<ref name="ref_ef99" />
 
* WPA Personal is also referred to as WPA Pre-Shared Key or PSK Personal for some Linksys routers.<ref name="ref_ef99" />
−
* Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) to overcome the shortcomings of WEP before more secure policies were provided in 802.11i.<ref name="ref_85de">[https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/en/doc/EDOC1000141952/55cf2fd8/wpa-wpa2 S5720HI V200R010C00 Configuration Guide]</ref>
+
* You can also use WPA or WPA2 with a preshared key, which is a static key that is configured on the security device and the client’s device.<ref name="ref_a943">[https://www.juniper.net/documentation/en_US/nsm2012.2/topics/concept/security-service-firewall-screenos-wi-fi-protected-access-overview.html Wi-Fi Protected Access Overview]</ref>
−
* Both WPA and WPA2 support 802.1X authentication and the TKIP/CCMP encryption algorithms, ensuring better compatibility.<ref name="ref_85de" />
+
* WPA2 or WPAv2 is the next update to the WPA sceme for providing Wi-Fi network security.<ref name="ref_2b11">[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/connectivity/wifi-ieee-802-11/security-wep-wpa-wpa2.php Wi-Fi Security: WEP &amp WPA / WPA2]</ref>
−
* WPA2 was made available in 2004 and all network devices from 2006 and on are required to be WPA2 certified.<ref name="ref_4cb8">[https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/w/wpa.htm What is WPA?]</ref>
+
* In addition to this the WPA, Wi-Fi Protected Access scheme also provides optional support for AES-CCMP algorithm.<ref name="ref_2b11" />
−
* Despite providing more advanced security and encryption protocols, WPA2 still has one major flaw.<ref name="ref_4cb8" />
+
* The WPA2 scheme for Wi-Fi network security has now superseded the basic WPA or WPAv1 scheme.<ref name="ref_2b11" />
−
* The Wi-Fi Protected Setup feature makes it possible to bypass WPA2, which essentially breaks the security in many cases.<ref name="ref_4cb8" />
+
* WPA2 implements the mandatory elements of IEEE 802.11i.<ref name="ref_2b11" />
−
* WPA was first used with the introduction of the Microsoft Windows XP operating system.<ref name="ref_4cb8" />
+
* In this mode, Android 10 devices use WPA3 to connect, and devices running Android 9 or lower use WPA2 to connect to the same access point.<ref name="ref_f9a1">[https://source.android.com/devices/tech/connect/wifi-wpa3-owe WPA3 and Wi-Fi Enhanced Open]</ref>
−
* The WPA differed considerably from the Public Works Administration (PWA), with which it sometimes is confused.<ref name="ref_f22a">[https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/R41017.html Job Creation Programs of the Great Depression: The WPA and the CCC]</ref>
+
* WPA2 is a security standard released by Wi-Fi Alliance in 2004.<ref name="ref_4dda">[https://idblender.com/support/wifi-protected-access Wi-Fi Protected Access II (WPA2)]</ref>
−
* For most of its existence, at least three-fourths of WPA employment involved public works projects of various types.<ref name="ref_f22a" />
+
* WPA2 provides two operation modes: Personal (PSK) and Enterprise.<ref name="ref_4dda" />
−
* The public service component created jobs for less than one-fourth of WPA participants during most of the program's existence.<ref name="ref_f22a" />
+
* WPA2 Personal uses pre-shared keys (PSK) and is designed for home use.<ref name="ref_4dda" />
−
* Governmental agencies at state and local levels suggested projects to the WPA and managed their actual operation.<ref name="ref_f22a" />
+
* WPA also referred to as the draft IEEE 802.11i standard became available in 2003.<ref name="ref_84aa">[https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/wifi-protected-access-wpa/ Wifi protected access (WPA)]</ref>
−
* Statistical reporting activities continued under the WPA Division of Statistics.<ref name="ref_2e2a">[https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/069.html Records of the Work Projects Administration [WPA]]</ref>
+
* WPA could be implemented through firmware upgrades on wireless network interface cards that were designed for WEP in 1999.<ref name="ref_84aa" />
−
* Microfilmed records relating to WPA liquidation, 1943 (1 roll).<ref name="ref_2e2a" />
+
* The WPA protocol implements almost all of the IEEE 802.11i standard.<ref name="ref_84aa" />
−
* Press clippings and other records concerning Blacks, the WPA and other relief agencies, and relations with the Negro press, 1936-40.<ref name="ref_2e2a" />
+
* The Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) was adopted for WPA.<ref name="ref_84aa" />
−
* "Boondoggling" charges ("Attacks on WPA"), 1935-36.<ref name="ref_2e2a" />
 
−
* TKIP was designed to be efficient enough to work in older WEP devices by updating their firmware to WPA.<ref name="ref_85cc">[https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/wpa Definition of WPA]</ref>
 
−
* In addition to TKIP, WPA2 supports the AES-CCMP encryption protocol.<ref name="ref_85cc" />
 
−
* AES-CCMP requires more computing power than TKIP, and migration from WEP to WPA2 requires new hardware.<ref name="ref_85cc" />
 
−
* Protected Access (WPA, and WPA2) protocols are considered as the most applied protocols in wireless networks over the world.<ref name="ref_308f">[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-54525-2_44 A Survey on Wi-Fi Protocols: WPA and WPA2]</ref>
 
−
* The io-pkt manager supports WEP, WPA, WPA2, or no security for authentication and encryption when acting as the WAP or client.<ref name="ref_0849">[http://www.qnx.com/developers/docs/6.5.0_sp1/topic/com.qnx.doc.io-pkt_en_user_guide/wpa_background.html Wi-Fi Configuration Using WPA and WEP]</ref>
 
−
* WPA2 is the recommended encryption protocol for use with your wireless network.<ref name="ref_0849" />
 
−
* WEP isn't as secure as WPA/WPA2 and is known to be breakable.<ref name="ref_0849" />
 
−
* wpa_cli WPA command-line client for interacting with wpa_supplicant .<ref name="ref_0849" />
 
−
* network has client stations that support the original WPA and none that support the newer WPA2.<ref name="ref_a07b">[https://www.cisco.com/assets/sol/sb/WAP321_Emulators/WAP321_Emulator_v1.0.0.3/help/Wireless12.html WPA Personal]</ref>
 
−
* This lets both WPA and WPA2 client stations associate and authenticate, but uses the more robust WPA2 for clients who support it.<ref name="ref_a07b" />
 
−
* Key--The shared secret key for WPA Personal security.<ref name="ref_a07b" />
 
−
* (Wi-Fi Protected Access) and WPA2 are two of the security measures that can be used to protect wireless networks.<ref name="ref_82e6">[http://www.differencebetween.net/technology/difference-between-wpa-and-wpa2/ Difference Between WPA and WPA2 Difference Between]</ref>
 
−
* WPA was created to replace WEP in securing wireless networks when it was found out that serious flaws made it very easy to gain access.<ref name="ref_82e6" />
 
−
* WPA2 addresses this problem with the introduction of the AES algorithm.<ref name="ref_82e6" />
 
−
* The only disadvantage of WPA2 is in the amount of processing power that it needs in order to protect your network.<ref name="ref_82e6" />
 
 
* These choices will include none, WEP, WPA, WPA2-Personal, WPA2-Enterprise and possibly WPA3.<ref name="ref_e4f8">[https://www.pandasecurity.com/en/mediacenter/security/wpa-vs-wpa2/ WPA vs WPA2: Which WiFi Security Should You Use?]</ref>
 
* These choices will include none, WEP, WPA, WPA2-Personal, WPA2-Enterprise and possibly WPA3.<ref name="ref_e4f8">[https://www.pandasecurity.com/en/mediacenter/security/wpa-vs-wpa2/ WPA vs WPA2: Which WiFi Security Should You Use?]</ref>
 
* To improve the functions of WEP, WiFi Protected Access or WPA was created in 2003.<ref name="ref_e4f8" />
 
* To improve the functions of WEP, WiFi Protected Access or WPA was created in 2003.<ref name="ref_e4f8" />
 
* WPA2 has stronger security and is easier to configure than the prior options.<ref name="ref_e4f8" />
 
* WPA2 has stronger security and is easier to configure than the prior options.<ref name="ref_e4f8" />
 
* The main difference with WPA2 is that it uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) instead of TKIP.<ref name="ref_e4f8" />
 
* The main difference with WPA2 is that it uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) instead of TKIP.<ref name="ref_e4f8" />
 +
* Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) certainly sounds more secure, so that’s a good start.<ref name="ref_9500">[https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/wifi-security-explained/ WPA Key, WPA2, WPA3, and WEP Key: Wi-Fi Security Explained]</ref>
 +
* WPA, or TKIP, has since been deprecated as well.<ref name="ref_9500" />
 +
* The next installment of the WPA trilogy has been required for new devices since July 1, 2020.<ref name="ref_9500" />
 +
* If it’s an option, choose WPA2 or WPA3.<ref name="ref_9500" />
 +
* No wonder, then, that WPA2 offered no streamlined way to safely onboard these devices to an existing Wi-Fi network.<ref name="ref_360d">[https://www.netspotapp.com/wifi-encryption-and-security.html WiFi Security: WEP, WPA, WPA2 And Their Differences]</ref>
 +
* (WPA2) are security standards to protect network stations connected to WiFi networks.<ref name="ref_3d46">[https://www.tutorialspoint.com/wifi-protected-access-wpa-and-wifi-protected-access-2-wpa2 WiFi Protected Access (WPA) and WiFi Protected Access 2 (WPA2)]</ref>
 +
* -Fi Protected Access (WPA) was supported in IEEE 802.11i wireless networks and was proposed in 2004.<ref name="ref_3d46" />
 +
* The encryption method adopted in WPA is the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP).<ref name="ref_3d46" />
 +
* -Fi Protected Access II (WPA2) aims for complete compatibility with IEEE802.11i standard that was partially achieved by WPA.<ref name="ref_3d46" />
 +
* WPA includes support for remote authentication dial-in user service servers.<ref name="ref_5993">[https://www.lifewire.com/definition-of-wifi-protected-access-816576 What Is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)?]</ref>
 +
* WPA Pre-Shared Key is a variation of WPA designed for home networks.<ref name="ref_5993" />
 +
* Similar to WEP, a static key or passphrase is set, but WPA-PSK uses TKIP.<ref name="ref_5993" />
 +
* You'll see options for using WPA for connecting to a wireless network and when setting up a network for others to connect to.<ref name="ref_5993" />
 +
* Definition - What does Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) mean?<ref name="ref_d877">[https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4166/wi-fi-protected-access-wpa What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)?]</ref>
 +
* So the WiFi Protected Access standard was developed, or WPA for short.<ref name="ref_a075">[https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/security-essentials/wpa-security-explained-what-is-wi-fi-protected-access WPA security explained: what is Wi-Fi Protected Access?]</ref>
 +
* The main weakness of WPA was that it was designed to use some of the same vulnerable technologies that WEP used.<ref name="ref_a075" />
 +
* But that’s because WPA was designed so that devices that were made to use WEP could use the more secure WPA with a software update.<ref name="ref_a075" />
 +
* Without getting into too much technical jargon, cyber attackers found a way to bypass WPA2 encryption through WPS.<ref name="ref_a075" />
 +
* WPA is an authentication and key management (AKM) protocol developed by the Wi-Fi alliance.<ref name="ref_f6ce">[https://hit.skku.edu/?page_id=2363 Evolution of Wi-Fi Protected Access: Security Challenges]</ref>
 +
* A session key in WPA2 is computed from a pre-shared password and some publicly known values.<ref name="ref_f6ce" />
 +
* WPA2 produces a 384-bit secret key called PTK.<ref name="ref_f6ce" />
 +
* The Wi-Fi protected setup (WPS) is a feature in WPA2 for a convenient and fool-proof setup for accessing the Wi-Fi network.<ref name="ref_f6ce" />
 
* " WPA is a security protocol designed to create secure wireless (Wi-Fi) networks.<ref name="ref_08c7">[https://techterms.com/definition/wpa WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) Definition]</ref>
 
* " WPA is a security protocol designed to create secure wireless (Wi-Fi) networks.<ref name="ref_08c7">[https://techterms.com/definition/wpa WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) Definition]</ref>
 
* WPA also implements something called the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) for authorizing users.<ref name="ref_08c7" />
 
* WPA also implements something called the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) for authorizing users.<ref name="ref_08c7" />
 
* Instead of authorizing computers based soley on their MAC address, WPA can use several other methods to verify each computer's identity.<ref name="ref_08c7" />
 
* Instead of authorizing computers based soley on their MAC address, WPA can use several other methods to verify each computer's identity.<ref name="ref_08c7" />
 +
* It was replaced by the original Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) in 2003 as an interim solution to the limited protection offered by WEP.<ref name="ref_d299">[https://www.wi-fi.org/ko/discover-wi-fi/security Wi-Fi Alliance]</ref>
 +
* WPA was replaced in 2004 with more advanced protocols of WPA2.<ref name="ref_d299" />
 +
* Though the threat of a security compromise is small, users should not purchase new equipment which supports only WPA with TKIP.<ref name="ref_d299" />
 +
* When a wireless vendor wants WPA certification, its wireless hardware has to go through a testing process in authorized testing labs.<ref name="ref_c361">[https://networklessons.com/cisco/ccna-200-301/wi-fi-protected-access-wpa Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)]</ref>
 +
* The first wireless devices were certified for WPA (version 1) in 2003.<ref name="ref_c361" />
 +
* WPA is the Wi-Fi Alliance’s answer to replace WEP with all its vulnerabilities.<ref name="ref_c361" />
 +
* WPA uses Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), which recycled some items from WEP; it still uses the RC4 algorithm.<ref name="ref_c361" />
 
* WPA (sometimes referred to as the draft IEEE 802.11i standard) became available in 2003.<ref name="ref_3c8d">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access Wi-Fi Protected Access]</ref>
 
* WPA (sometimes referred to as the draft IEEE 802.11i standard) became available in 2003.<ref name="ref_3c8d">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access Wi-Fi Protected Access]</ref>
 
* The WPA protocol implements much of the IEEE 802.11i standard.<ref name="ref_3c8d" />
 
* The WPA protocol implements much of the IEEE 802.11i standard.<ref name="ref_3c8d" />
66번째 줄: 67번째 줄:
 
* The personal mode, WPA-PSK, uses preshared keys for simpler implementation and management among consumers and small offices.<ref name="ref_3f9e" />
 
* The personal mode, WPA-PSK, uses preshared keys for simpler implementation and management among consumers and small offices.<ref name="ref_3f9e" />
 
* WPA provides strong user authentication based on 802.1x and the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP).<ref name="ref_3f9e" />
 
* WPA provides strong user authentication based on 802.1x and the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP).<ref name="ref_3f9e" />
−
* It’s also called a Wi-Fi Security Key, a WEP Key, or a WPA/WPA2 Passphrase.<ref name="ref_21ce">[https://blog.tdstelecom.com/products/where-is-my-wi-fi-password-and-ssid/ Where is my Wi-Fi password and SSID?]</ref>
+
* TKIP was designed to be efficient enough to work in older WEP devices by updating their firmware to WPA.<ref name="ref_85cc">[https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/wpa Definition of WPA]</ref>
 +
* In addition to TKIP, WPA2 supports the AES-CCMP encryption protocol.<ref name="ref_85cc" />
 +
* AES-CCMP requires more computing power than TKIP, and migration from WEP to WPA2 requires new hardware.<ref name="ref_85cc" />
 +
* WPA2 is based on the ratified version of the IEEE 802.11i standard.<ref name="ref_4704">[https://sourcedaddy.com/networking/wi-fi-protected-access-2-wpa2.html Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2)]</ref>
 +
* This makes it quite different from plain WPA, which was a stop-gap measure based on draft versions of the IEEE 802.11i standard.<ref name="ref_4704" />
 +
* It should be noted that WPA is an interim standard that will be replaced with the IEEE��s 802.11i standard upon its completion.<ref name="ref_6a16">[https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/WPA.html What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)? Webopedia Definition]</ref>
 
* Before setting up WPA2 on your network, make sure that all connected devices can support this security protocol.<ref name="ref_8ed9">[https://www.cox.com/residential/internet/guides/securing-wifi/wep-vs-wpa-vs-wpa2.html How to Choose Wife Encryption Settings]</ref>
 
* Before setting up WPA2 on your network, make sure that all connected devices can support this security protocol.<ref name="ref_8ed9">[https://www.cox.com/residential/internet/guides/securing-wifi/wep-vs-wpa-vs-wpa2.html How to Choose Wife Encryption Settings]</ref>
 
* You should also check with your internet service provider to see if WPA2 is already elected for your network.<ref name="ref_8ed9" />
 
* You should also check with your internet service provider to see if WPA2 is already elected for your network.<ref name="ref_8ed9" />
 
* You will likely see an option for WEP, WPA, and WPA2.<ref name="ref_8ed9" />
 
* You will likely see an option for WEP, WPA, and WPA2.<ref name="ref_8ed9" />
−
* Link here to WPA's trusted library of COVID-19 Mental Health Resources provided by our Committees, Members and Trusted Partners.<ref name="ref_5e82">[https://www.wpanet.org/ Home]</ref>
+
* WPA or Wi-Fi Protected Access, is a Wi-Fi security standard that's intended to replace the older WEP, or Wired Equivalent Privacy.<ref name="ref_fbce">[https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-wireless-protected-access-wpa.html What is Wireless Protected Access (WPA)?]</ref>
−
* The WPA superseded the work of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, which was dissolved.<ref name="ref_839c">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration Works Progress Administration]</ref>
+
* WEP was supposed to keep Wi-Fi networks secure but turned out to be very easy to break, so it's been deprecated in favor of WPA.<ref name="ref_fbce" />
−
* The WPA was largely shaped by Harry Hopkins, supervisor of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration and close adviser to Roosevelt.<ref name="ref_839c" />
+
* Well, one thing she would have read is that one major improvement of WPA over WEP is the length of the encryption keys.<ref name="ref_fbce" />
−
* The goal of the WPA was to employ most of the unemployed people on relief until the economy recovered.<ref name="ref_839c" />
+
* WPA uses a 256-bit key, where WEP used 64-bit and 128-bit keys.<ref name="ref_fbce" />
−
* The WPA Division of Employment selected the worker's placement to WPA projects based on previous experience or training.<ref name="ref_839c" />
+
* WPA stands for Wi-Fi Protected Access.<ref name="ref_96f7">[https://www.speedcheck.org/wiki/wpa/ What is WPA?]</ref>
−
* WPA was formally adopted in 2003, a year before WEP was officially retired.<ref name="ref_448d">[https://www.howtogeek.com/167783/htg-explains-the-difference-between-wep-wpa-and-wpa2-wireless-encryption-and-why-it-matters/ The Difference Between WEP, WPA, and WPA2 Wi-Fi Passwords]</ref>
+
* The WPA was released in 2003 as an interim standard to answer the immediate need for a more secure protocol.<ref name="ref_96f7" />
−
* The most common WPA configuration is WPA-PSK (Pre-Shared Key).<ref name="ref_448d" />
+
* Unlike the 64 and 128-bit keys of WEP, WPA keys use 256-bit keys.<ref name="ref_96f7" />
−
* WPA was over WEP, the ghost of WEP haunted WPA.<ref name="ref_448d" />
+
* Meanwhile, one of the upgrades provided in WPA was the incorporation of message integrity checks.<ref name="ref_96f7" />
−
* TKIP, a core component of WPA, was designed to be easily rolled out via firmware upgrades onto existing WEP-enabled devices.<ref name="ref_448d" />
 
−
* It was replaced by the original Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) in 2003 as an interim solution to the limited protection offered by WEP.<ref name="ref_d299">[https://www.wi-fi.org/discover-wi-fi/security Wi-Fi Alliance]</ref>
 
−
* WPA was replaced in 2004 with more advanced protocols of WPA2.<ref name="ref_d299" />
 
−
* Though the threat of a security compromise is small, users should not purchase new equipment which supports only WPA with TKIP.<ref name="ref_d299" />
 
−
* This example shows you how to connect to a WPA2 Personal encrypted 802.11b/g network with the Arduino WiFi shield.<ref name="ref_b21a">[https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/LibraryExamples/ConnectWithWPA Connect With WPA]</ref>
 
−
* For networks using WPA/WPA2 Personal encryption, you need the SSID and password.<ref name="ref_b21a" />
 
−
* = WL_CONNECTED ) { Serial . print ( "Attempting to connect to WPA SSID: " ) ; Serial . println ( ssid ) ; status = WiFi .<ref name="ref_b21a" />
 
−
* The Wi-Fi Alliance created the Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) and WPA2 certifications to describe the 802.11i standard.<ref name="ref_a743">[https://www.arubanetworks.com/techdocs/InstantWenger_Mobile/Advanced/Content/Instant%20User%20Guide%20-%20volumes/Understanding_WPA_and_WP.htm Understanding WPA and WPA2]</ref>
 
−
* WPA2 encompasses the full implementation of the 802.11i standard.<ref name="ref_a743" />
 
−
* WPA2 is a superset that encompasses the full WPA feature set.<ref name="ref_a743" />
 
 
===소스===
 
===소스===
 
  <references />
 
  <references />
 +
 +
==메타데이터==
 +
===위키데이터===
 +
* ID :  [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272165 Q272165]
 +
===Spacy 패턴 목록===
 +
* [{'LOWER': 'wi'}, {'OP': '*'}, {'LOWER': 'fi'}, {'LOWER': 'protected'}, {'LEMMA': 'Access'}]
 +
* [{'LEMMA': 'WPA'}]
 +
* [{'LEMMA': 'WPA2'}]

2021년 2월 17일 (수) 01:56 기준 최신판

노트

  • And WPA2 was considered much more secure than the long-dead WEP security.[1]
  • WPA2 was made available in 2004 and all network devices from 2006 and on are required to be WPA2 certified.[2]
  • Despite providing more advanced security and encryption protocols, WPA2 still has one major flaw.[2]
  • The Wi-Fi Protected Setup feature makes it possible to bypass WPA2, which essentially breaks the security in many cases.[2]
  • WPA was first used with the introduction of the Microsoft Windows XP operating system.[2]
  • One method of establishing security on your network is to set up WEP, WPA™ or WPA2™ as your wireless security mode.[3]
  • WPA2/WPA Mixed Mode is also referred to as PSK2-Mixed for some Linksys routers.[3]
  • WPA2 Personal is also referred to as PSK2 for some Linksys routers.[3]
  • WPA Personal is also referred to as WPA Pre-Shared Key or PSK Personal for some Linksys routers.[3]
  • You can also use WPA or WPA2 with a preshared key, which is a static key that is configured on the security device and the client’s device.[4]
  • WPA2 or WPAv2 is the next update to the WPA sceme for providing Wi-Fi network security.[5]
  • In addition to this the WPA, Wi-Fi Protected Access scheme also provides optional support for AES-CCMP algorithm.[5]
  • The WPA2 scheme for Wi-Fi network security has now superseded the basic WPA or WPAv1 scheme.[5]
  • WPA2 implements the mandatory elements of IEEE 802.11i.[5]
  • In this mode, Android 10 devices use WPA3 to connect, and devices running Android 9 or lower use WPA2 to connect to the same access point.[6]
  • WPA2 is a security standard released by Wi-Fi Alliance in 2004.[7]
  • WPA2 provides two operation modes: Personal (PSK) and Enterprise.[7]
  • WPA2 Personal uses pre-shared keys (PSK) and is designed for home use.[7]
  • WPA also referred to as the draft IEEE 802.11i standard became available in 2003.[8]
  • WPA could be implemented through firmware upgrades on wireless network interface cards that were designed for WEP in 1999.[8]
  • The WPA protocol implements almost all of the IEEE 802.11i standard.[8]
  • The Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) was adopted for WPA.[8]
  • These choices will include none, WEP, WPA, WPA2-Personal, WPA2-Enterprise and possibly WPA3.[9]
  • To improve the functions of WEP, WiFi Protected Access or WPA was created in 2003.[9]
  • WPA2 has stronger security and is easier to configure than the prior options.[9]
  • The main difference with WPA2 is that it uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) instead of TKIP.[9]
  • Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) certainly sounds more secure, so that’s a good start.[10]
  • WPA, or TKIP, has since been deprecated as well.[10]
  • The next installment of the WPA trilogy has been required for new devices since July 1, 2020.[10]
  • If it’s an option, choose WPA2 or WPA3.[10]
  • No wonder, then, that WPA2 offered no streamlined way to safely onboard these devices to an existing Wi-Fi network.[11]
  • (WPA2) are security standards to protect network stations connected to WiFi networks.[12]
  • -Fi Protected Access (WPA) was supported in IEEE 802.11i wireless networks and was proposed in 2004.[12]
  • The encryption method adopted in WPA is the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP).[12]
  • -Fi Protected Access II (WPA2) aims for complete compatibility with IEEE802.11i standard that was partially achieved by WPA.[12]
  • WPA includes support for remote authentication dial-in user service servers.[13]
  • WPA Pre-Shared Key is a variation of WPA designed for home networks.[13]
  • Similar to WEP, a static key or passphrase is set, but WPA-PSK uses TKIP.[13]
  • You'll see options for using WPA for connecting to a wireless network and when setting up a network for others to connect to.[13]
  • Definition - What does Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) mean?[14]
  • So the WiFi Protected Access standard was developed, or WPA for short.[15]
  • The main weakness of WPA was that it was designed to use some of the same vulnerable technologies that WEP used.[15]
  • But that’s because WPA was designed so that devices that were made to use WEP could use the more secure WPA with a software update.[15]
  • Without getting into too much technical jargon, cyber attackers found a way to bypass WPA2 encryption through WPS.[15]
  • WPA is an authentication and key management (AKM) protocol developed by the Wi-Fi alliance.[16]
  • A session key in WPA2 is computed from a pre-shared password and some publicly known values.[16]
  • WPA2 produces a 384-bit secret key called PTK.[16]
  • The Wi-Fi protected setup (WPS) is a feature in WPA2 for a convenient and fool-proof setup for accessing the Wi-Fi network.[16]
  • " WPA is a security protocol designed to create secure wireless (Wi-Fi) networks.[17]
  • WPA also implements something called the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) for authorizing users.[17]
  • Instead of authorizing computers based soley on their MAC address, WPA can use several other methods to verify each computer's identity.[17]
  • It was replaced by the original Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) in 2003 as an interim solution to the limited protection offered by WEP.[18]
  • WPA was replaced in 2004 with more advanced protocols of WPA2.[18]
  • Though the threat of a security compromise is small, users should not purchase new equipment which supports only WPA with TKIP.[18]
  • When a wireless vendor wants WPA certification, its wireless hardware has to go through a testing process in authorized testing labs.[19]
  • The first wireless devices were certified for WPA (version 1) in 2003.[19]
  • WPA is the Wi-Fi Alliance’s answer to replace WEP with all its vulnerabilities.[19]
  • WPA uses Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), which recycled some items from WEP; it still uses the RC4 algorithm.[19]
  • WPA (sometimes referred to as the draft IEEE 802.11i standard) became available in 2003.[20]
  • The WPA protocol implements much of the IEEE 802.11i standard.[20]
  • Specifically, the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) was adopted for WPA.[20]
  • WPA also includes a Message Integrity Check, which is designed to prevent an attacker from altering and resending data packets.[20]
  • Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a security standard for users of computing devices equipped with wireless internet connections.[21]
  • The enterprise mode, WPA-EAP, uses more stringent 802.1x authentication with the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP).[21]
  • The personal mode, WPA-PSK, uses preshared keys for simpler implementation and management among consumers and small offices.[21]
  • WPA provides strong user authentication based on 802.1x and the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP).[21]
  • TKIP was designed to be efficient enough to work in older WEP devices by updating their firmware to WPA.[22]
  • In addition to TKIP, WPA2 supports the AES-CCMP encryption protocol.[22]
  • AES-CCMP requires more computing power than TKIP, and migration from WEP to WPA2 requires new hardware.[22]
  • WPA2 is based on the ratified version of the IEEE 802.11i standard.[23]
  • This makes it quite different from plain WPA, which was a stop-gap measure based on draft versions of the IEEE 802.11i standard.[23]
  • It should be noted that WPA is an interim standard that will be replaced with the IEEE��s 802.11i standard upon its completion.[24]
  • Before setting up WPA2 on your network, make sure that all connected devices can support this security protocol.[25]
  • You should also check with your internet service provider to see if WPA2 is already elected for your network.[25]
  • You will likely see an option for WEP, WPA, and WPA2.[25]
  • WPA or Wi-Fi Protected Access, is a Wi-Fi security standard that's intended to replace the older WEP, or Wired Equivalent Privacy.[26]
  • WEP was supposed to keep Wi-Fi networks secure but turned out to be very easy to break, so it's been deprecated in favor of WPA.[26]
  • Well, one thing she would have read is that one major improvement of WPA over WEP is the length of the encryption keys.[26]
  • WPA uses a 256-bit key, where WEP used 64-bit and 128-bit keys.[26]
  • WPA stands for Wi-Fi Protected Access.[27]
  • The WPA was released in 2003 as an interim standard to answer the immediate need for a more secure protocol.[27]
  • Unlike the 64 and 128-bit keys of WEP, WPA keys use 256-bit keys.[27]
  • Meanwhile, one of the upgrades provided in WPA was the incorporation of message integrity checks.[27]

소스

  1. ↑ What is WPA3? And some gotchas to watch out for in this Wi-Fi security upgrade
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 What is WPA?
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Setting up WEP, WPA or WPA2 wireless security
  4. ↑ Wi-Fi Protected Access Overview
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Wi-Fi Security: WEP &amp WPA / WPA2
  6. ↑ WPA3 and Wi-Fi Enhanced Open
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Wi-Fi Protected Access II (WPA2)
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Wifi protected access (WPA)
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 WPA vs WPA2: Which WiFi Security Should You Use?
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 WPA Key, WPA2, WPA3, and WEP Key: Wi-Fi Security Explained
  11. ↑ WiFi Security: WEP, WPA, WPA2 And Their Differences
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 WiFi Protected Access (WPA) and WiFi Protected Access 2 (WPA2)
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 What Is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)?
  14. ↑ What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)?
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 WPA security explained: what is Wi-Fi Protected Access?
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Evolution of Wi-Fi Protected Access: Security Challenges
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) Definition
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Wi-Fi Alliance
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Wi-Fi Protected Access
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)?
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Definition of WPA
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2)
  24. ↑ What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)? Webopedia Definition
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 How to Choose Wife Encryption Settings
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 What is Wireless Protected Access (WPA)?
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 What is WPA?

메타데이터

위키데이터

Spacy 패턴 목록

  • [{'LOWER': 'wi'}, {'OP': '*'}, {'LOWER': 'fi'}, {'LOWER': 'protected'}, {'LEMMA': 'Access'}]
  • [{'LEMMA': 'WPA'}]
  • [{'LEMMA': 'WPA2'}]
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