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  • AES is also characterized as a block cipher.[1]
  • AES uses a 128-bit block size, in which data is divided into a four-by-four array containing 16 bytes.[1]
  • More specifically, AES was designed as a substitution-permutation network.[1]
  • Each stage of the AES encryption algorithm serves an important function.[1]
  • The National Institute of Standards and Technology selected three “flavors” of AES: 128-bit, 192-bit, and 256-bit.[1]
  • The three AES varieties are also distinguished by the number of rounds of encryption.[1]
  • AES 128 uses 10 rounds, AES 192 uses 12 rounds, and AES 256 uses 14 rounds.[1]
  • The more rounds, the more complex the encryption, making AES 256 the most secure AES implementation.[1]
  • AES 256 is virtually impenetrable using brute-force methods.[1]
  • While a 56-bit DES key can be cracked in less than a day, AES would take billions of years to break using current computing technology.[1]
  • Researchers who have probed AES have found a few potential ways in.[1]
  • That same year, there was a known-key distinguishing attack against AES 128.[1]
  • Since the AES cipher itself is so secure, the main risk comes from side-channel attacks.[1]
  • Besides its advanced technology, the open nature of AES 256 makes it one of the most secure encryption protocols.[1]
  • Researchers are constantly studying AES to uncover any potential vulnerabilities.[1]
  • NIST announced AES as the winner of the competition.[2]
  • The U.S. federal government formally adopted AES-192 and AES-256 to secure classified information on the recommendation of NIST.[2]
  • The AES algorithm is a symmetric block cipher than can encrypt (encipher) and decrypt (decipher) information.[3]
  • Today, the Advanced Encryption Standard is permanently integrated into the hardware of many devices.[4]
  • The AES enjoys huge popularity because the advantages speak for themselves.[4]
  • The Advanced Encryption Standard uses the Rijndael algorithm in combination with symmetrical block ciphers as its encryption method.[4]
  • The AES algorithm uses cryptographic keys of 128, 192 and 256 bits to encrypt and decrypt data in blocks of 128 bits.[5]
  • When ciphers, like AES, are employed in real-world applications, they must first be implemented in hardware or software.[5]
  • 1 is a table of S-box substitution values for input byte xy specified for the AES/Rijndael encryption cipher.[5]
  • The AES/Rijndael algorithm performs a key expansion routine upon a cipher key to generate a key schedule.[5]
  • The AES standard (FIPS-197) also specifies an inverse S-box for use with the inverse cipher.[5]
  • Rijndael is a family of block ciphers developed by Belgian cryptographers Vincent Rijmen and Joen Daemen.[6]
  • The three variants of AES are based on different key sizes (128, 192, and 256 bits).[6]
  • The encryption phase of AES can be broken into three phases: the initial round, the main rounds, and the final round.[6]
  • The main rounds of AES are repeated a set number of times for each variant of AES.[6]
  • The AddRoundKey operation is the only phase of AES encryption that directly operates on the AES round key.[6]
  • The SubBytes phase of AES involves splitting the input into bytes and passing each through a Substitution Box or S-Box.[6]
  • Unlike DES, AES uses the same S-Box for all bytes.[6]
  • In the ShiftRows phase of AES, each row of the 128-bit internal state of the cipher is shifted.[6]
  • Like the ShiftRows phase of AES, the MixColumns phase provides diffusion by mixing the input around.[6]
  • In AES, the initial key is used in the initial round of AES as input to the AddRoundKey operation.[6]
  • The Figure above illustrates the round key transformation of AES-128.[6]
  • The g function of the AES key schedule is illustrated in the Figure above.[6]
  • The S-Box operation used in the AES key schedule is identical to the one used in the encryption phase as described previously.[6]
  • The output of the key schedule function is used as the round key input to the AddRoundKey operation in AES encryption.[6]
  • There are three variants of AES based on different key sizes (128, 192, and 256 bits).[6]
  • All three variants of AES use a 128-bit block size, only the key sizes differ.[6]
  • The three possible key lengths supported by AES allow users to pick a tradeoff between speed and security.[6]
  • AES uses a single S-Box for all bytes in all rounds.[6]
  • If your organization hasn’t switched to the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), it’s time for an upgrade.[7]
  • So the question remains for anyone still using DES encryption… How can Precisely help you make the switch to AES?[7]
  • Preimage search for compression functions based on the full AES versions faster than brute force.[8]
  • In contrast to most shortcut attacks on AES variants, we do not need to assume related-keys.[8]
  • As our cryptanalysis is of high computational complexity, it does not threaten the practical use of AES in any way.[8]
  • The AES competition was organized by the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).[9]
  • NIST announces its selection of AES.[9]
  • The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a universal standard for encrypting many types of electronic data.[10]
  • AES replaced the Data Encryption Standard (DES), a 56-bit encryption algorithm developed in the 1970s.[10]
  • After the US government adopted AES, its popularity grew quickly.[10]
  • One academic estimate suggests that AES protects over half of the data in the world.[10]
  • Most commonly, people will come into contact with Advanced Encryption Standard when online and browsing the internet.[10]
  • Websites using HTTPS connections include an AES layer to improve on the security of standard HTTP connections.[10]
  • Since AES is used so widely, it has also become a lightning rod for cybercriminals and state-sponsored attacks.[10]
  • The protocol would be enhanced by the addition of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) ciphersuites.[11]
  • Now that the AES process is completed there will be commercial pressure to use the selected cipher.[11]
  • The AES is efficient and has withstood extensive cryptanalytic efforts.[11]
  • All the ciphersuites described here use the AES in cipher block chaining (CBC) mode.[11]
  • The AES supports key lengths of 128, 192 and 256 bits.[11]
  • Rijndael actually allows for 192- and 256-bit block sizes as well as the 128- bit blocks mandated by the AES process.[11]
  • The AES is believed to be secure, and it has withstood extensive cryptanalytic attack.[11]
  • The Advanced Encryption Standard is a standard of data encryption approved by the US government in 2001 and became effective in 2002.[12]
  • The AES algorithm uses three cryptographic keys to encrypt and decrypt electronic data.[12]
  • The AES is based on Rijndael which was developed by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen.[12]
  • This has further necessitated the need for researchers to come up with ways of enhancing the strength of AES.[13]
  • This article presents an enhanced AES algorithm that was achieved by modifying its SubBytes and ShiftRows transformations.[13]
  • The conventional and modified AES algorithms are both implemented and evaluated in terms avalanche effect and execution time.[13]
  • The modified AES algorithm achieved an avalanche effect of 57.81% as compared to 50.78 recorded with the conventional AES.[13]
  • This is slightly higher than the results obtained with the conventional AES.[13]
  • In simple terms, AES takes a block of plain text and applies alternating rounds of substitution and permutation boxes to the passage.[14]
  • However, several attacks that aimed at undermining the strength of AES algorithm have been reported in the literature.[15]
  • This has called for the need to urgently explore techniques that could further strengthen the AES algorithm.[15]
  • Therefore, this article introduces an enhanced AES algorithm that was achieved by modifying its SubBytes and ShiftRows transformations.[15]
  • Section 2 explained the existing AES algorithm, its structure, and various transformation stages.[15]
  • The result of the modified AES algorithm, its performance evaluation using avalanche effect, execution time is presented in Section 5 .[15]
  • A comparative analysis of the modified AES with those that were obtained from existing works is also presented in Section 5 .[15]
  • ® AES-NI can be used to accelerate the AES encryption.[16]
  • The AES encryption IP core implements Rijndael encoding and decoding in compliance with the NIST Advanced Encryption Standard.[17]
  • Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm has become the optimum choice for various security services in numerous applications.[18]
  • The contribution of this paper is targeted toward building a base for future development and implementation of the AES algorithm.[18]
  • It also opens door for implementing the AES algorithm using some machine learning techniques.[18]
  • Interestingly, AES performs all its computations on bytes rather than bits.[19]
  • Hence, AES treats the 128 bits of a plaintext block as 16 bytes.[19]
  • Unlike DES, the number of rounds in AES is variable and depends on the length of the key.[19]
  • AES uses 10 rounds for 128-bit keys, 12 rounds for 192-bit keys and 14 rounds for 256-bit keys.[19]
  • Here, we restrict to description of a typical round of AES encryption.[19]
  • In present day cryptography, AES is widely adopted and supported in both hardware and software.[19]
  • Till date, no practical cryptanalytic attacks against AES has been discovered.[19]
  • However, just as for DES, the AES security is assured only if it is correctly implemented and good key management is employed.[19]
  • The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a symmetric block cipher chosen by the U.S. government to protect classified information.[20]
  • AES is implemented in software and hardware throughout the world to encrypt sensitive data.[20]
  • the new AES algorithm must be a block cipher capable of handling 128-bit blocks, using keys sized at 128, 192 and 256 bits.[20]
  • Other criteria for being chosen as the next AES algorithm included the following: Security.[20]
  • After much feedback, debate and analysis, the Rijndael cipher was selected as the proposed algorithm for AES in October 2000.[20]
  • AES became effective as a federal government standard in 2002.[20]
  • In June 2003, the U.S. government announced that AES could be used to protect classified information.[20]
  • The successful use of AES by the U.S. government led to the algorithm's widespread use in the private sector.[20]
  • AES has become the most popular algorithm used in symmetric key cryptography.[20]
  • AES vs. RSA AES is used widely for protecting data at rest.[20]
  • Applications for AES include self-encrypting disk drives, database encryption and storage encryption.[20]
  • Unlike AES, which employs symmetric encryption, RSA is the base of asymmetric cryptography.[20]
  • The solution is to combine RSA encryption with AES encryption in order to benefit from the security of RSA with the performance of AES.[20]
  • In 2000, the U.S. government chose to use AES to protect classified information.[20]
  • The main benefit of AES lies in its key length options.[20]
  • Attacks on AES encryption Research into attacks on AES encryption has continued since the standard was finalized in 2000.[20]
  • Various researchers have published attacks against reduced-round versions of AES.[20]
  • Researchers have found a few potential ways to attack AES encryption.[20]
  • The related-key attack proved to be a threat only to AES systems that are incorrectly configured.[20]
  • A major risk to AES encryption comes from side-channel attacks.[20]
  • Side-channel attacks, however, may reduce the number of possible combinations required to attack AES with brute force.[20]
  • If your organization offers or needs cyber security solutions, you must have heard of the Advanced Encryption Standard before.[21]
  • In this article, we will explain what Advanced Encryption Standard is, why it is used and how it is beneficial for your organization.[21]
  • In order to select a secure AES, NIST considered three different block ciphers from the Rijndael family of ciphers.[21]
  • Initially, AES was intended to be used to protect government level classified information.[21]
  • As of today, AES can be used by public and private organizations for free in their commercial and non-commercial programs.[21]
  • As of today, anyone can access AES cryptography in only seconds.[21]
  • You can encrypt your texts with AES encryption online and choose a key length as well (128, 192 and 256 bit).[21]
  • The AES algorithm is a symmetric block cipher that can encrypt (encipher) and decrypt (decipher) information.[22]
  • The AES algorithm is capable of using cryptographic keys of 128, 192, and 256 bits to encrypt and decrypt data in blocks of 128 bits.[22]
  • The security of AES relies on the nonlinearity of its operations.[23]
  • Let’s look into how AES works and different applications for it.[24]
  • AES encryption is commonly used in a lot of ways, including wireless security, processor security, file encryption, and SSL/TLS.[24]
  • After all, AES encryption keys can go up to 256 bits, whereas DES stopped at just 56 bits.[24]
  • The AES key size, specified above, will determine the number of rounds that the procedure will execute.[24]
  • Coupled with the rest of AES operations, it will do its job to effectively scramble and obfuscate the source data.[24]
  • While I always advocate going with a reasonable/effective security option, a lot of AES encryption is happening without you even knowing it.[24]
  • When it comes to cyber security, AES is one of those acronyms that you see popping up everywhere.[25]
  • The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a fast and secure form of encryption that keeps prying eyes away from our data.[25]
  • Be aware that the following example is a simplification, but it gives you a general idea of how AES works.[25]
  • Unfortunately, there isn’t enough coffee in the world to make most people want to get through the more complicated aspects of AES.[25]
  • Remember those round keys we made at the start, using our initial key and Rijndael’s key schedule?[25]
  • At the start, it was mentioned that AES has key sizes of either 128, 192 or 256-bits.[25]
  • Otherwise, the same key would be added in each round, which would make AES easier to crack.[25]
  • When AES was being designed, shortcut attacks were found for up to six rounds of its process.[25]
  • Because of this, an extra four rounds were added for the minimum of 128-bit AES as a security margin.[25]
  • This means that AES itself is essentially unbreakable at the moment.[25]
  • The last weakness is more general than AES specific, but users need to be aware that AES doesn’t automatically make their data safe.[25]
  • Even AES-256 is vulnerable if an attacker can access a user’s key.[25]
  • This is why AES is just one aspect of keeping data secure.[25]
  • In the current age, we all transmit so much of our sensitive data online, AES has become an essential part of our security.[25]
  • Despite the current theoretical attacks and any potential side-channel attacks, AES itself remains secure.[25]
  • Now that we’ve gone through the technical details of AES, it’s important to discuss why encryption is important.[25]
  • AES has been adopted by the U.S. government and is now used worldwide.[26]
  • AES is included in the ISO/IEC 18033-3 standard.[26]
  • AES became effective as a U.S. federal government standard on May 26, 2002, after approval by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce.[26]
  • AES is a variant of Rijndael, with a fixed block size of 128 bits, and a key size of 128, 192, or 256 bits.[26]
  • KeyExpansion – round keys are derived from the cipher key using the AES key schedule.[26]
  • AES requires a separate 128-bit round key block for each round plus one more.[26]
  • For AES, the first row is left unchanged.[26]
  • For each round, a subkey is derived from the main key using Rijndael's key schedule; each subkey is the same size as the state.[26]
  • Until May 2009, the only successful published attacks against the full AES were side-channel attacks on some specific implementations.[26]
  • In 2009, a new related-key attack was discovered that exploits the simplicity of AES's key schedule and has a complexity of 2119.[26]
  • It requires 2126.2 operations to recover an AES-128 key.[26]
  • Also, the authors calculate the best attack using their technique on AES with a 128-bit key requires storing 288 bits of data.[26]
  • One attack was able to obtain an entire AES key after only 800 operations triggering encryptions, in a total of 65 milliseconds.[26]
  • ^ Large-block variants of Rijndael use an array with additional columns, but always four rows.[26]
  • this change only applies for the Rijndael cipher when used with a 256-bit block, as AES does not use 256-bit blocks.[26]
  • It should be noted that AES is free for any public, private, commercial, or non-commercial use.[27]
  • Like nearly all encryption algorithms, AES relies on the use of keys during the encryption and decryption process.[27]
  • AES operates on what is known as a 4 x 4 column major order matrix of bytes.[27]
  • In cryptography, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is an encryption standard adopted by the U.S. government.[28]
  • and AES-256, adopted from a larger collection originally published as Rijndael.[28]
  • AES is the first publicly accessible and open cipher approved by the NSA for top secret information.[28]
  • Advanced Encryption Standard short formed as AES falls under Symmetric Encryption category.[29]
  • Thus, in AES the sender and the recipient of the data uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt the data.[29]
  • Since AES is a Symmetric algorithm it encrypts data in blocks where the size of each block is 128 bits.[29]
  • AES divides data into blocks of 16 bytes and applies the same operation on each block of the same length.[29]
  • AES consists of a series of operations which are linked to each other.[29]
  • Encryption in AES – Let’s understand how encryption works in AES.[29]
  • Encryption in AES takes place in 4 stages.[29]
  • Byte Substitution – AES uses Rijndael S-box as a lookup table in this step.[29]
  • AES is a widely used and adopted symmetric key algorithm in the real world in both hardware and software.[29]
  • The AES IP enables customers to accelerate Data Center Storage by offloading this critical processing of data at the full line rate.[30]
  • Here we discuss AES encryption Process, its uses along with advantages and audience interested for learning.[31]
  • In October 2000, NIST published AES as U.S. FIPS PUB 197.[32]
  • AES or Advanced Encryption Standard is a cipher, i.e., a method for encrypting and decrypting information.[33]
  • The rise of AES didn't end there.[33]
  • That should explain why AES has gained the confidence of various industries.[33]
  • AES belongs to a family of ciphers known as block ciphers.[33]
  • Like almost all modern encryption algorithms, AES requires the use of keys during the encryption and decryption processes.[33]
  • AES supports three keys with different lengths: 128-bit, 192-bit, and 256-bit keys.[33]
  • The keys used in AES encryption are the same keys used in AES decryption.[33]
  • As mentioned earlier, AES is implemented in secure file transfer protocols like FTPS, HTTPS, SFTP, AS2, WebDAVS, and OFTP.[33]
  • Looking for a secure file transfer server that supports AES?[33]
  • It uses AES encryption on its FTPS, SFTP, HTTPS, WebDAVS, AS2, and OFTP services.[33]
  • AES supports a block size of 128 bits and key sizes of 128, 192, and 256 bits.[34]

소스

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 Understanding AES 256 Encryption
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 AES Encryption: Looking at Advanced Encryption Standards
  3. ↑ Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) [Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS PUB) #197]
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) explained
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 US7295671B2 - Advanced encryption standard (AES) hardware cryptographic engine - Google Patents
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Algorithm
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 AES vs. DES Encryption: Why AES has replaced DES, 3DES and TDEA
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 (PDF) EAES: Extended Advanced Encryption Standard with Extended Security
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Crypto competitions: AES: the Advanced Encryption Standard
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 Advanced encryption standard (AES): A beginner’s guide – Intertrust Technologies
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Ciphersuites for Transport Layer Security (TLS)
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 Modified Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm for Information Security
  14. ↑ What is AES encryption?
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 Modified Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm for Information Security
  16. ↑ Intel® Data Protection Technology with AES-NI and Secure Key
  17. ↑ AES: Advanced Encryption Standard Core
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm: Issues and Implementation Aspects
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 Advanced Encryption Standard
  20. ↑ 20.00 20.01 20.02 20.03 20.04 20.05 20.06 20.07 20.08 20.09 20.10 20.11 20.12 20.13 20.14 20.15 20.16 20.17 20.18 20.19 20.20 What is AES Encryption and How Does it Work?
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6 What is AES Encryption and How it Works?
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
  23. ↑ Advanced Encryption Standard - an overview
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 24.5 Advanced Encryption Standard (AES): What It Is and How It Works
  25. ↑ 25.00 25.01 25.02 25.03 25.04 25.05 25.06 25.07 25.08 25.09 25.10 25.11 25.12 25.13 25.14 25.15 What is AES encryption (with examples) and how does it work?
  26. ↑ 26.00 26.01 26.02 26.03 26.04 26.05 26.06 26.07 26.08 26.09 26.10 26.11 26.12 26.13 26.14 Advanced Encryption Standard
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 What is Advanced Encryption Standard (AES): Beginner's Guide
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Advanced Encryption Standard
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.5 29.6 29.7 29.8 The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
  30. ↑ Advanced Encryption Standard (AES )
  31. ↑ Advanced Encryption Standard
  32. ↑ Whats Is Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) ?
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 33.5 33.6 33.7 33.8 33.9 What is AES Encryption & How Does it Work?
  34. ↑ Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) : Research & Development : Hitachi

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  • [{'LOWER': 'advanced'}, {'LOWER': 'encryption'}, {'LEMMA': 'standard'}]
  • [{'LEMMA': 'Rijndael'}]
  • [{'LEMMA': 'AES'}]
  • [{'LEMMA': 'aes-256'}]
  • [{'LEMMA': 'aes-128'}]
  • [{'LEMMA': 'aes-192'}]
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