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  1. In this chapter, you will explore one of the most important data structures which are used in many fields of programming and data handling, i.e., the Stack.[1]
  2. A stack is a linear data structure in which all the insertion and deletion of data or you can say its values are done at one end only, rather than in the middle.[1]
  3. The stack is a linear data structure, and all the insertion and deletion of its values are done in the same end which is called the top of the stack.[1]
  4. Let us suppose take the real-life example of a stack of plates or a pile of books etc.[1]
  5. and if stack is completely empty, it is said to be .[2]
  6. Stack allows operations at one end only .[2]
  7. , for example, in a real life, we can remove a plate or dish from the top of the stack only or while playing a deck of cards, we can place or remove a card from top of the stack only.[2]
  8. Similarly, here also, we can only access the top element of a stack.[2]
  9. We can't pop an element from the empty stack.[3]
  10. If we want to add another item to it, then we add it at the top of the stack as shown in the above figure (left-hand side).[4]
  11. On the right side, we have shown an opposite operation i.e. we remove an item from the stack.[4]
  12. This is also done from the same end i.e. the top of the stack.[4]
  13. This makes the stack to follow LIFO order.[4]
  14. In this article we are going to explore a very common data structure in programming — the stack.[5]
  15. A stack is a linear data structure, elements are stacked on top of each other.[5]
  16. Only the last element added can be accessed, i.e the element at the top of the stack.[5]
  17. A common analogy of a data stack is a pile (or stack!) of plates in a canteen; plates are stacked on top of each other.[5]
  18. A stack is an Abstract Data Type (ADT), commonly used in most programming languages.[6]
  19. A real-world stack allows operations at one end only.[6]
  20. For example, we can place or remove a card or plate from the top of the stack only.[6]
  21. Likewise, Stack ADT allows all data operations at one end only.[6]
  22. Stack is a linear data structure which follows a particular order in which the operations are performed.[7]
  23. The plate which is at the top is the first one to be removed, i.e. the plate which has been placed at the bottommost position remains in the stack for the longest period of time.[7]
  24. The stack abstract data type is defined by the following structure and operations.[8]
  25. Stack() creates a new stack that is empty.[8]
  26. push(item) adds a new item to the top of the stack.[8]
  27. pop() removes the top item from the stack.[8]
  28. Stack is a LIFO(Last in First out) structure or we can say FILO(First in Last out).[9]
  29. push() function is used to insert new elements into the Stack and pop() function is used to remove an element from the stack.[9]
  30. Both insertion and removal are allowed at only one end of Stack called Top.[9]
  31. The simplest application of a stack is to reverse a word.[9]
  32. A Stack is a linear data structure that follows the LIFO (Last-In-First-Out) principle.[10]
  33. Stack has one end, whereas the Queue has two ends (front and rear).[10]
  34. It contains only one pointer top pointer pointing to the topmost element of the stack.[10]
  35. Whenever an element is added in the stack, it is added on the top of the stack, and the element can be deleted only from the stack.[10]
  36. A pointer called TOP is used to keep track of the top element in the stack.[11]
  37. Although stack is a simple data structure to implement, it is very powerful.[11]
  38. The order in which elements come off a stack gives rise to its alternative name, LIFO (last in, first out).[12]
  39. The name "stack" for this type of structure comes from the analogy to a set of physical items stacked on top of each other.[12]
  40. Considered as a linear data structure, or more abstractly a sequential collection, the push and pop operations occur only at one end of the structure, referred to as the top of the stack.[12]
  41. This data structure makes it possible to implement a stack as a singly linked list and a pointer to the top element.[12]
  42. Adds an item in the stack.[13]
  43. If the stack is full, then it is said to be an Overflow condition.[13]
  44. Removes an item from the stack.[13]
  45. If the stack is empty, then it is said to be an Underflow condition.[13]
  46. The basic concept can be illustrated by thinking of your data set as a stack of plates or books where you can only take the top item off the stack in order to remove things from it.[14]
  47. They are 1) inserting an item into a stack (push).[14]
  48. 2) deleting an item from the stack (pop).[14]
  49. Operations push( new-item :item-type) Adds an item onto the stack.[14]
  50. In Data Structures, a Stack is an abstract data type that serves as a collection of items.[15]
  51. Due to its behavior, the stack is called a LIFO data structure.[15]
  52. The pop method, on the other hand, removes the topmost element from the stack and returns it.[15]
  53. First, we initialize a new instance of the stack by using the "new" keyword and assign that to a variable.[15]
  54. A stack is an ordered collection of items where the addition of new items and the removal of existing items always takes place at the same end.[16]
  55. The most recently added item is always on the top of the stack and thus will be removed first.[16]
  56. Consider a stack of plates on a table, where it’s only possible to add or remove plates to or from the top.[16]
  57. Or imagine a stack of books on a desk.[16]
  58. A stack is a linear data structure that follows a particular order of operations.[17]
  59. If the stack is full, then it is said to be an overflow condition.[17]
  60. If the stack is empty, then it is said to be an underflow condition.[17]
  61. The plate at the top is the first one to be removed -- that is, the plate at the bottom remains in the stack for the longest period of time.[17]
  62. A stack is a collection of objects that are inserted and removed according to the last-in first-out ( LIFO ) principle.[18]
  63. Objects can be inserted into a stack at any time, but only the most recently inserted object can be removed at any time.[18]
  64. Basically, a stack is a data structure of ordered items such that items can be inserted and removed only at one end (called the top ).[18]
  65. A stack is a collection of objects that supports fast last-in, first-out (LIFO) semantics for inserts and deletes.[19]
  66. A useful real-world analogy for a stack data structure is a stack of plates: New plates are added to the top of the stack.[19]
  67. To reach the plates lower down in the stack the topmost plates must be removed one by one.[19]
  68. With a queue you remove the item least recently added (first-in, first-out or FIFO); and with a stack you remove the item most recently added (last-in, first-out or LIFO).[19]
  69. The distinguishing characteristic of a stack is that the addition or removal of items takes place at the same end.[20]
  70. The principle by which a stack is ordered is called LIFO (shorthand for last-in first-out).[20]
  71. Sometimes, a stack is implemented to have a maximum capacity.[20]
  72. In those cases, if the allocated space for a stack is completely used, then no more elements can be pushed, any attempt to do so will result in an stack overflow error.[20]
  73. In this section, we introduce two closely-related data types for manipulating arbitrarily large collections of objects: the stack and the queue.[21]
  74. A stack is a collection that is based on the last-in-first-out (LIFO) policy.[21]
  75. By tradition, we name the stack insert methodand the stack remove operation.[21]
  76. ArrayStackOfStrings.java implements this approach for a stack of strings whose maximum capacity is specified by the argument to the constructor.[21]
  77. A stack is an abstract data type (ADT), commonly used in most programming languages.[22]
  78. For example, we can place or remove a card or plate from top of the stack only.[22]
  79. A stack can be implemented by means of Array, Structure, Pointer and Linked-List.[22]
  80. − pushing (storing) an element on the stack.[22]
  81. Like most of the data structures, the stack also represent real-world objects.[23]
  82. A stack can be implemented using an array, a list, a pointer, etc.[23]
  83. Once you defined the stack class one of the main functionalities is push function.[23]
  84. if the stack is full(assume that the list is implemented based on a dynamic array) for the given size or not.[23]
  85. When you have a whole pile of plates, you can only add a new plate on top of the pile, aka the top of the stack.[24]
  86. The 2 most important methods in a stack are push() and pop().[24]
  87. Just like a stack of plates, you can only add — push() — and remove — pop() — from the top of the stack.[24]
  88. All stacks require only one pointer looking to the end of the stack.[24]
  89. Theclass represents a last-in-first-out (LIFO) stack of objects.[25]
  90. It extends classwith five operations that allow a vector to be treated as a stack.[25]
  91. A more complete and consistent set of LIFO stack operations is provided by the Deque interface and its implementations, which should be used in preference to this class.[25]
  92. A stack is a linear data structure that follows a particular order for the insertion and manipulation of data.[26]
  93. : This function adds data elements to the stack.[26]
  94. It removes the top element from the stack.[26]
  95. Note: We have set a pointer element called ‘top‘ to keep the account of the topmost element in the stack.[26]
  96. You already know that stacks are used to implement functions and you have seen that each running program has a stack and how a program's stack grows and shrinks during calls to functions/procedures.[27]
  97. A pile of books, a stack of dinner plates, a box of pringles potato chips can all be thought of examples of stacks.[27]
  98. As an abstract entity, a stack is defined by the operations of adding items to the stack, push(), and the operation of removing items from the stack, pop().[27]
  99. There are a couple of other incidentals, that we need to take care of such as not push() ing an item onto a full stack and not trying to pop() items from an empty stack.[27]
  100. On the other hand, the Stack Data Structure does not allow you to store data where you want i.e. order is important.[28]
  101. The stack is a simple array which stores data items using an index which points to the last element that has been inserted.[28]
  102. If data is requested from the stack, the last element that has been stored is 'poped' out of the array and returned.[28]
  103. When popping occurs, the last element is returned and discarded from the stack with the top pointer being decremented by 1.[28]
  104. That is, the last data element stored in a stack is the first data element retrieved from the stack.[29]
  105. So a stack supports two basic operations: push and pop.[29]
  106. A new data element is stored by pushing it on the top of the stack.[29]
  107. We will use one of the ways of building a stack as an example of how to create and use arrays.[29]
  108. Again, since we only have access to the element at the top of the stack, there’s only one element that we can remove.[30]
  109. We just remove the top of the stack.[30]
  110. Peek operation allows the user to see the element on the top of the stack.[30]
  111. To prevent performing operations on an empty stack, the programmer is required to internally maintain the size of the stack which will be updated during push and pop operations accordingly.[30]
  112. Another way of storing data is in a stack.[31]
  113. (s is a stack created by a call to ConsStack) && (existing item count < max_items) && (item ![31]
  114. A stack is simply another collection of data items and thus it would be possible to use exactly the same specification as the one used for our general collection.[31]
  115. As a function calls another function, first its arguments, then the return address and finally space for local variables is pushed onto the stack.[31]
  116. A stack can have any abstract data type as an element, but is characterized by only two fundamental operations: push and pop.[32]
  117. The push operation adds to the top of the list, hiding any items already on the stack, or initializing the stack if it is empty.[32]
  118. A stack is a restricted data structure, because only a small number of operations are performed on it.[32]
  119. The nature of the pop and push operations also means that stack elements have a natural order.[32]
  120. In Computer Science also, a stack is a data structure which follows the same kind of rules i.e., the most recently added item is removed first.[33]
  121. Since a stack just has to follow the LIFO policy, we can implement it using a linked list as well as with an array.[33]
  122. A stack supports few basic operations and we need to implement all these operations (either with a linked list or an array) to make a stack.[33]
  123. → The push operation adds a new element to the stack.[33]
  124. Please note, that the Java Stack class is a subclass of Vector, an older Java class which is synchronized.[34]
  125. This synchronization adds a small overhead to calls to all methods of a Stack.[34]
  126. A Stack is a data structure where you add elements to the "top" of the stack, and also remove elements from the top again.[34]
  127. To use a Java Stack you must first create an instance of the Stack class.[34]
  128. In this post, we will see how to implement a stack data structure using queue in C++, Java and Python.[35]
  129. In other words, design a stack that supports push and pop operations using standard enqueue and dequeue operations of the queue.[35]
  130. The stack implementation has a few big drawbacks: it doesn't have an interface and it extends the Vector class, which has thread synchronization overhead.[36]
  131. Hey there, you might have landed here searching for Stack in Python, well, we have got it sorted for you.[37]
  132. Similar to a stack of plates at a restaurant, elements in a stack are added or removed from the top of the stack, in a “last in, first out” order.[37]
  133. To understand Stack at the ground level, think about a pile of books.[37]
  134. We can record every action of the user by pushing it to the stack.[37]
  135. For example, suppose we had an operation called ‘pop’ that took a stack as an argument and modified it.[38]
  136. Let us conceptualize stacks using a stack of plates placed in a box.[39]
  137. A simple real-world application of a stack is reversing a string letter by letter.[39]
  138. When an element is inserted into a stack, it takes the top position and the variable storing this position points to the number below it.[39]
  139. A list-like structure that can be used to solve many problems in computing is the stack.[40]
  140. Stacks are efficient data structures because data can be added or removed only from the top of a stack, making these procedures fast and easy to implement.[40]
  141. A stack is a list of elements that are accessible only from one end of the list, which is called the top .[40]
  142. Trays are always removed from the top, and when trays are put back on the stack after being washed, they are placed on the top of the stack.[40]
  143. So, it makes sense to define a new stack data type that ensures that programmers only interact with the data type in acceptable ways.[41]

소스

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Concepts of Stack in Data Structure
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Stack in Data Structure
  3. ↑ Application of stack in data structure
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Stack Data Structure In C++ With Illustration
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 The stack data structure — What is it and how is it used in JavaScript?
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Data Structure and Algorithms
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Stack Data Structure
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 4.4. The Stack Abstract Data Type — Problem Solving with Algorithms and Data Structures
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Stack Data Structure
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 javatpoint
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Stack Data Structure
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Stack (abstract data type)
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Stack Data Structure (Introduction and Program)
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Data Structures/Stacks and Queues
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 How to Implement the Stack Data Structure in Javascript
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Introduction to Stacks
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 CS201: The Stack Data Structure
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 CS240: Data Structures & Algorithms I
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Stacks in Python – dbader.org
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Brilliant Math & Science Wiki
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 Stacks and Queues
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 Data Structure — Stack
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 Stack and Array Implementation with Python and NodeJs
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 Abstract Data Types: Stacks and Queues
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Stack (Java Platform SE 7 )
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 Understanding the Stack Data Structure
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 Stacks
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 Pascal Programming: Articles
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 7.10. Stacks And Stack Operations
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 Stack and its basic Operations
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 Data Structures and Algorithms: Stacks
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 Stack Data Structure
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 Stack Data Structure Using Array and Linked List
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 Java Stack
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Stack Data Structure Problems
  36. ↑ Stack Data Structure
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 What is Python Stack and how to Implement it
  38. ↑ Abstract Data Type and Data Structure
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 Data Structures 101: how to use Stacks and Queues in Java
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 Data Structures and Algorithms with JavaScript [Book]
  41. ↑ Stacks and Queues

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