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  1. Why do we care about conditional probability?[1]
  2. Conditional probability is used in many areas, in fields as diverse as calculus, insurance, and politics.[1]
  3. Conditional probability is defined as the likelihood of an event or outcome occurring, based on the occurrence of a previous event or outcome.[2]
  4. Conditional probability can be contrasted with unconditional probability.[2]
  5. Conditional probability: p(A|B) is the probability of event A occurring, given that event B occurs.[2]
  6. Bayes' theorem, named after 18th-century British mathematician Thomas Bayes, is a mathematical formula for determining conditional probability.[2]
  7. It is important to note that conditional probability itself is a probability measure, so it satisfies probability axioms.[3]
  8. In fact, all rules that we have learned so far can be extended to conditional probability.[3]
  9. This format is particularly useful in situations when we know the conditional probability, but we are interested in the probability of the intersection.[3]
  10. (the conditional probability of A given B) typically differs from P(B|A).[4]
  11. Conditional probability can be defined as the probability of a conditional event A B {\displaystyle A_{B}} .[4]
  12. Here, in the earlier notation for the definition of conditional probability, the conditioning event B is that D 1 + D 2 ≤ 5, and the event A is D 1 = 2.[4]
  13. This conditional probability measure also could have resulted by assuming that the relative magnitude of the probability of A with respect to X will be preserved with respect to B (cf.[4]
  14. The laws of conditional probability ensure that Bayesian updating has features that seem desirable in any dogmatic learning rule.[5]
  15. Conditional probability is the probability of an event occurring given that another event has already occurred.[6]
  16. Another way of calculating conditional probability is by using the Bayes’ theorem.[6]
  17. A conditional probability is the probability of an event, given some other event has already occurred.[7]
  18. Although typically we expect the conditional probability \(P(A\mid B)\) to be different from the probability \(P(A)\) of \(A\), it does not have to be different from \(P(A)\).[8]
  19. In this paper we show part of the results of a larger study1 that investigates conditional probability problem solving.[9]
  20. In particular, we report on a structure-based method to identify, classify and analyse ternary problems of conditional probability in mathematics textbooks in schools.[9]
  21. Why and how should we prepare our students in conditional probability at secondary school?[9]
  22. From this perspective, it is necessary to explore contexts and phenomena in which conditional probability is actually involved.[9]
  23. The following diagram shows the formula for conditional probability.[10]
  24. It follows that the formula for conditional probability 'holds'.[11]
  25. A Bayes' problem can be set up so it appears to be just another conditional probability.[12]
  26. We are now up to speed with marginal, joint and conditional probability.[13]
  27. This alternate calculation of the conditional probability is referred to as Bayes Rule or Bayes Theorem, named for Reverend Thomas Bayes, who is credited with first describing it.[13]
  28. After hearing that Jean is to be executed, Sam reasons that, since either he or Chris must be the other one, the conditional probability that he will be executed is 1/2.[14]
  29. Note that when we evaluate the conditional probability, we always divide by the probability of the given event.[15]
  30. To answer this, we may compare the overall probability of having pierced ears to the conditional probability of having pierced ears, given that a student is male.[15]
  31. Conditional probability is the probability of one thing being true given that another thing is true, and is the key concept in Bayes' theorem.[16]
  32. With a state and for an , another state ν is called a conditional probability of under if holds for all with .[17]
  33. The unique conditional probability of μ under is denoted by and, in analogy with classical mathematical probability theory, is often written instead of with .[17]
  34. For the proof of (2.2), suppose that the state ν on is a version of the conditional probability of the state μ under and use the identity .[17]
  35. Therefore the conditional probability must have this shape and its uniqueness is proved.[17]

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  • [{'LOWER': 'conditional'}, {'LEMMA': 'probability'}]