"타원적분"의 두 판 사이의 차이

수학노트
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1번째 줄: 1번째 줄:
 
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">이 항목의 스프링노트 원문주소</h5>
 
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">이 항목의 스프링노트 원문주소</h5>
  
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* [[타원적분]]
  
 
 
 
 
20번째 줄: 20번째 줄:
 
<math>\int R(x,y)\,dx</math>
 
<math>\int R(x,y)\,dx</math>
  
여기서 <math>R(x,y)</math>는 <math>x,y</math>의 유리함수이고, <math>y^2</math>는 중근을 갖지 않는 <math>x</math>의 3차식 또는 4차식으로 주어짐.
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여기서 <math>R(x,y)</math>는 <math>x,y</math>의 유리함수이고, <math>y^2</math>는 중근을 갖지 않는 <math>x</math>의 3차식 또는 4차식.
  
 
*  예를 들자면,<br>  <math>\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt{1-x^4}}</math><br><math>\int \frac{1-k^2x^2}{\sqrt{(1-x^2)(1-k^2x^2)}}\,dx</math><br>  <br>
 
*  예를 들자면,<br>  <math>\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt{1-x^4}}</math><br><math>\int \frac{1-k^2x^2}{\sqrt{(1-x^2)(1-k^2x^2)}}\,dx</math><br>  <br>
85번째 줄: 85번째 줄:
 
 
 
 
  
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">관련된 다른 주제들</h5>
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<h5>관련된 항목들</h5>
  
 
 
 
 
103번째 줄: 103번째 줄:
 
* [[초기하급수(Hypergeometric series)|초기하급수(Hypergeometric series)와 q-초기하급수]]
 
* [[초기하급수(Hypergeometric series)|초기하급수(Hypergeometric series)와 q-초기하급수]]
 
* [[대수적 함수와 아벨적분]]
 
* [[대수적 함수와 아벨적분]]
 
 
 
 
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">관련된 항목들</h5>
 
  
 
 
 
 
126번째 줄: 122번째 줄:
  
 
* http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/
 
* http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_integral
 
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
 
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
 
* http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=
 
* http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=
137번째 줄: 134번째 줄:
  
 
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">관련논문</h5>
 
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">관련논문</h5>
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* [http://www.springerlink.com/content/b365w3511067g184/ In Search of the "Birthday" of Elliptic Functions - Bit by bit, the discoverers decided what it was they had discovered.]<br>
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**  Rice, Adrian, 48-57, The Mathematical Intelligencer, Volume 30, Number 2 / 2008년 3월<br>
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* [http://www.ams.org/bull/2007-44-04/S0273-0979-07-01178-0/home.html Euler and algebraic geometry]<br>
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**  Burt Totaro, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 44 (2007), 541-559.<br>
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* [http://www.springerlink.com/content/t32h69374h887w33/ The Lemniscate and Fagnano's Contributions to Elliptic Integrals]<br>
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** AYOUB R
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* [http://www.math.tulane.edu/~vhm/papers_html/EU.pdf A property of Euler's elastic curve]
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* [http://www.springerlink.com/content/911pnwauaeggxk13/ The story of Landen, the hyperbola and the ellipse]<br>
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** Elemente der Mathematik, Volume 57, Number 1 / 2002년 2월
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* [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2687483 Three Fermat Trails to Elliptic Curves]<br>
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** Ezra Brown, <cite style="line-height: 2em;">The College Mathematics Journal</cite>, Vol. 31, No. 3 (May, 2000), pp. 162-172
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* [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2974515 Elliptic Curves]<br>
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** John Stillwell, <cite style="line-height: 2em;">The American Mathematical Monthly</cite>, Vol. 102, No. 9 (Nov., 1995), pp. 831-837
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* [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2321821 Abel's Theorem on the Lemniscate]<br>
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** Michael Rosen, <cite style="line-height: 2em;">The American Mathematical Monthly</cite>, Vol. 88, No. 6 (Jun. - Jul., 1981), pp. 387-395
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* [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2687483 Three Fermat Trails to Elliptic Curves]<br>
 +
** Ezra Brown, <cite style="line-height: 2em;">The College Mathematics Journal</cite>, Vol. 31, No. 3 (May, 2000), pp. 162-172
 +
* [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2974515 Elliptic Curves]<br>
 +
** John Stillwell, <cite style="line-height: 2em;">The American Mathematical Monthly</cite>, Vol. 102, No. 9 (Nov., 1995), pp. 831-837
 +
* [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2321821 Abel's Theorem on the Lemniscate]<br>
 +
** Michael Rosen, <cite style="line-height: 2em;">The American Mathematical Monthly</cite>, Vol. 88, No. 6 (Jun. - Jul., 1981), pp. 387-395
  
 
* http://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=
 
* http://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=
 
* http://dx.doi.org/
 
* http://dx.doi.org/
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<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">관련도서 및 추천도서</h5>
 
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">관련도서 및 추천도서</h5>
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* [http://www.amazon.com/Functions-Integrals-Translations-Mathematical-Monographs/dp/0821805878 Elliptic functions and elliptic integrals]<br>
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** Viktor Prasolov, Yuri Solovyev
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* [http://www.amazon.com/PI-AGM-Analytic-Computational-Complexity/dp/047131515X Pi and the AGM]<br>
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** Jonathan M. Borwein, Peter B. Borwein
  
 
*  도서내검색<br>
 
*  도서내검색<br>
176번째 줄: 208번째 줄:
 
* [http://www.ams.org/mathmoments/ Mathematical Moments from the AMS]
 
* [http://www.ams.org/mathmoments/ Mathematical Moments from the AMS]
 
* [http://betterexplained.com/ BetterExplained]
 
* [http://betterexplained.com/ BetterExplained]
 
<br>
 
 
 
 
 
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">표준적인 도서 및 추천도서</h5>
 
 
* [http://www.amazon.com/Functions-Integrals-Translations-Mathematical-Monographs/dp/0821805878 Elliptic functions and elliptic integrals]<br>
 
** Viktor Prasolov, Yuri Solovyev
 
* [http://www.amazon.com/PI-AGM-Analytic-Computational-Complexity/dp/047131515X Pi and the AGM]<br>
 
** Jonathan M. Borwein, Peter B. Borwein
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">위키링크</h5>
 
 
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_integral
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">관련논문</h5>
 
 
* [http://www.springerlink.com/content/b365w3511067g184/ In Search of the "Birthday" of Elliptic Functions - Bit by bit, the discoverers decided what it was they had discovered.]<br>
 
**  Rice, Adrian, 48-57, The Mathematical Intelligencer, Volume 30, Number 2 / 2008년 3월<br>
 
* [http://www.ams.org/bull/2007-44-04/S0273-0979-07-01178-0/home.html Euler and algebraic geometry]<br>
 
**  Burt Totaro, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 44 (2007), 541-559.<br>
 
* [http://www.springerlink.com/content/t32h69374h887w33/ The Lemniscate and Fagnano's Contributions to Elliptic Integrals]<br>
 
** AYOUB R
 
* [http://www.math.tulane.edu/~vhm/papers_html/EU.pdf A property of Euler's elastic curve]
 
* [http://www.springerlink.com/content/911pnwauaeggxk13/ The story of Landen, the hyperbola and the ellipse]<br>
 
** Elemente der Mathematik, Volume 57, Number 1 / 2002년 2월
 
 
* [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2687483 Three Fermat Trails to Elliptic Curves]<br>
 
** Ezra Brown, <cite style="line-height: 2em;">The College Mathematics Journal</cite>, Vol. 31, No. 3 (May, 2000), pp. 162-172
 
* [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2974515 Elliptic Curves]<br>
 
** John Stillwell, <cite style="line-height: 2em;">The American Mathematical Monthly</cite>, Vol. 102, No. 9 (Nov., 1995), pp. 831-837
 
* [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2321821 Abel's Theorem on the Lemniscate]<br>
 
** Michael Rosen, <cite style="line-height: 2em;">The American Mathematical Monthly</cite>, Vol. 88, No. 6 (Jun. - Jul., 1981), pp. 387-395
 
** [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2687483 Three Fermat Trails to Elliptic Curves]<br>
 
*** Ezra Brown, <cite style="line-height: 2em;">The College Mathematics Journal</cite>, Vol. 31, No. 3 (May, 2000), pp. 162-172
 
** [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2974515 Elliptic Curves]<br>
 
*** John Stillwell, <cite style="line-height: 2em;">The American Mathematical Monthly</cite>, Vol. 102, No. 9 (Nov., 1995), pp. 831-837
 
** [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2321821 Abel's Theorem on the Lemniscate]<br>
 
*** Michael Rosen, <cite style="line-height: 2em;">The American Mathematical Monthly</cite>, Vol. 88, No. 6 (Jun. - Jul., 1981), pp. 387-395
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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2009년 12월 22일 (화) 13:22 판

이 항목의 스프링노트 원문주소

 

 

타원 둘레의 길이
  • 역사적으로 타원 둘레의 길이를 구하는 적분에서 그 이름이 기원함.
  • 타원  \(\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}=1\)의 둘레의 길이는 \(4aE(k)\) 로 주어짐.
    \(k=\sqrt{1-\frac{b^2}{a^2}}\)
    \(E(k)=\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\sqrt{1-k^2\sin^2 \theta} d\theta =\int_{0}^{1}\frac{\sqrt{1-k^2x^2}}{\sqrt{1-x^2}} dx=\int_{0}^{1}\frac{1-k^2x^2}{\sqrt{(1-x^2)(1-k^2x^2)}}\,dx\)

 

타원적분
  • 일반적으로 다음과 같은 형태로 주어지는 적분을 타원적분이라 부름

\(\int R(x,y)\,dx\)

여기서 \(R(x,y)\)는 \(x,y\)의 유리함수이고, \(y^2\)는 중근을 갖지 않는 \(x\)의 3차식 또는 4차식.

  • 예를 들자면,
     \(\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt{1-x^4}}\)
    \(\int \frac{1-k^2x^2}{\sqrt{(1-x^2)(1-k^2x^2)}}\,dx\)
     

 

일종타원적분과 이종타원적분
  • 일종타원적분 K (complete elliptic integral of the first kind)
    \(K(k) = \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{d\theta}{\sqrt{1-k^2 \sin^2\theta}}=\int_0^1\frac{1}{\sqrt{(1-x^2)(1-k^2x^2)}}\,dx\)
    \(K(k) =\frac{\pi}{2}\,_2F_1(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2};1;k^2)\)
  • 이종완전타원적분
    \(E(k)=\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\sqrt{1-k^2\sin^2 \theta} d\theta =\int_{0}^{1}\frac{\sqrt{1-k^2x^2}}{\sqrt{1-x^2}} dx=\int_{0}^{1}\frac{1-k^2x^2}{\sqrt{(1-x^2)(1-k^2x^2)}}\,dx\)
    \(E(k) =\frac{\pi}{2}\,_2F_1(\frac{1}{2},-\frac{1}{2};1;k^2)\)
  • 초기하급수(Hypergeometric series)

 

 

르장드르의 항등식
  • 일종타원적분과 이종타원적분 사이에는 다음과 같은 관계가 성립

\(E(k)K'(k)+E'(k)K(k)-K(k)K'(k)=\frac{\pi}{2}\)

또는 \(\theta+\phi=\frac{\pi}{2}\) 에 대하여

\(E(\sin\theta)K(\sin\phi)+E(\sin\phi)K(\sin\theta)-K(\sin\theta)K(\sin\phi)=\frac{\pi}{2}\)

  • 특별히 다음과 같은 관계가 성립함

\(2K(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}})E(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}})-K(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}})^2=\frac{\pi}{2}\)

AGM과 파이값의 계산에 응용

 

 

 

덧셈공식
  • 파그나노의 공식
    \(\int_0^x{\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^4}}}dx+\int_0^y{\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^4}}}dx = \int_0^{A(x,y)}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^4}}}dx\)
    여기서 \(A(x,y)=\frac{x\sqrt{1-y^4}+y\sqrt{1-x^4}}{1+x^2y^2}\)
  • 오일러의 일반화
    \(p(x)=1+mx^2+nx^4\)일 때,
    \(\int_0^x{\frac{1}{\sqrt{p(x)}}}dx+\int_0^y{\frac{1}{\sqrt{p(x)}}}dx = \int_0^{B(x,y)}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{p(x)}}}dx\)
    여기서 \(B(x,y)=\frac{x\sqrt{p(y)}+y\sqrt{p(x)}}{1-nx^2y^2}\)

 

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