"회전으로 얻어지는 곡면"의 두 판 사이의 차이
Pythagoras0 (토론 | 기여) |
Pythagoras0 (토론 | 기여) |
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==개요== | ==개요== | ||
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==예== | ==예== | ||
| − | + | 곡선 | |
| − | [ | + | [[파일:회전으로 얻어지는 곡면1.png]] |
| − | + | 를 y축에 대하여 회전하여 곡면 | |
| − | + | [[파일:회전으로 얻어지는 곡면2.png]] | |
| + | 를 얻는다 | ||
| 39번째 줄: | 32번째 줄: | ||
==크리스토펠 기호== | ==크리스토펠 기호== | ||
| − | + | :<math>\begin{array}{ll} \Gamma _{11}^1 & 0 \\ \Gamma _{12}^1 & \frac{f'(v)}{f(v)} \\ \Gamma _{21}^1 & \frac{f'(v)}{f(v)} \\ \Gamma _{22}^1 & 0 \\ \Gamma _{11}^2 & -\frac{f(v) f'(v)}{f'(v)^2+g'(v)^2} \\ \Gamma _{12}^2 & 0 \\ \Gamma _{21}^2 & 0 \\ \Gamma _{22}^2 & \frac{f'(v) f''(v)+g'(v) g''(v)}{f'(v)^2+g'(v)^2} \end{array}</math> | |
| − | <math>\begin{array}{ll} \Gamma _{11}^1 & 0 \\ \Gamma _{12}^1 & \frac{f'(v)}{f(v)} \\ \Gamma _{21}^1 & \frac{f'(v)}{f(v)} \\ \Gamma _{22}^1 & 0 \\ \Gamma _{11}^2 & -\frac{f(v) f'(v)}{f'(v)^2+g'(v)^2} \\ \Gamma _{12}^2 & 0 \\ \Gamma _{21}^2 & 0 \\ \Gamma _{22}^2 & \frac{f'(v) f''(v)+g'(v) g''(v)}{f'(v)^2+g'(v)^2} \end{array}</math> | ||
| 47번째 줄: | 39번째 줄: | ||
==리만 곡률 텐서== | ==리만 곡률 텐서== | ||
| − | + | :<math>\begin{array}{ll} \begin{array}{ll} R_{111}^1 & 0 \\ R_{112}^1 & 0 \end{array} & \begin{array}{ll} R_{121}^1 & 0 \\ R_{122}^1 & 0 \end{array} \\ \begin{array}{ll} R_{211}^1 & 0 \\ R_{212}^1 & \frac{g'(v) \left(f'(v) g''(v)-f''(v) g'(v)\right)}{f(v) \left(f'(v)^2+g'(v)^2\right)} \end{array} & \begin{array}{ll} R_{221}^1 & \frac{g'(v) \left(f''(v) g'(v)-f'(v) g''(v)\right)}{f(v) \left(f'(v)^2+g'(v)^2\right)} \\ R_{222}^1 & 0 \end{array} \\ \begin{array}{ll} R_{111}^2 & 0 \\ R_{112}^2 & \frac{f(v) g'(v) \left(f''(v) g'(v)-f'(v) g''(v)\right)}{\left(f'(v)^2+g'(v)^2\right)^2} \end{array} & \begin{array}{ll} R_{121}^2 & \frac{f(v) g'(v) \left(f'(v) g''(v)-f''(v) g'(v)\right)}{\left(f'(v)^2+g'(v)^2\right)^2} \\ R_{122}^2 & 0 \end{array} \\ \begin{array}{ll} R_{211}^2 & 0 \\ R_{212}^2 & 0 \end{array} & \begin{array}{ll} R_{221}^2 & 0 \\ R_{222}^2 & 0 \end{array} \end{array}</math> | |
| − | <math>\begin{array}{ll} \begin{array}{ll} R_{111}^1 & 0 \\ R_{112}^1 & 0 \end{array} & \begin{array}{ll} R_{121}^1 & 0 \\ R_{122}^1 & 0 \end{array} \\ \begin{array}{ll} R_{211}^1 & 0 \\ R_{212}^1 & \frac{g'(v) \left(f'(v) g''(v)-f''(v) g'(v)\right)}{f(v) \left(f'(v)^2+g'(v)^2\right)} \end{array} & \begin{array}{ll} R_{221}^1 & \frac{g'(v) \left(f''(v) g'(v)-f'(v) g''(v)\right)}{f(v) \left(f'(v)^2+g'(v)^2\right)} \\ R_{222}^1 & 0 \end{array} \\ \begin{array}{ll} R_{111}^2 & 0 \\ R_{112}^2 & \frac{f(v) g'(v) \left(f''(v) g'(v)-f'(v) g''(v)\right)}{\left(f'(v)^2+g'(v)^2\right)^2} \end{array} & \begin{array}{ll} R_{121}^2 & \frac{f(v) g'(v) \left(f'(v) g''(v)-f''(v) g'(v)\right)}{\left(f'(v)^2+g'(v)^2\right)^2} \\ R_{122}^2 & 0 \end{array} \\ \begin{array}{ll} R_{211}^2 & 0 \\ R_{212}^2 & 0 \end{array} & \begin{array}{ll} R_{221}^2 & 0 \\ R_{222}^2 & 0 \end{array} \end{array}</math> | ||
| 55번째 줄: | 46번째 줄: | ||
==가우스 곡률== | ==가우스 곡률== | ||
| − | + | :<math>K=\frac{g'(v) \left(f'(v) g''(v)-f''(v) g'(v)\right)}{f(v) \left(f'(v)^2+g'(v)^2\right)^2}</math> | |
| − | <math>K=\frac{g'(v) \left(f'(v) g''(v)-f''(v) g'(v)\right)}{f(v) \left(f'(v)^2+g'(v)^2\right)^2}</math> | ||
| 90번째 줄: | 80번째 줄: | ||
* https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B8XXo8Tve1cxZWM2ZDQzYzktMjhmMi00ZmVhLTg5N2MtZjlhYTg5OWQzNzdi&sort=name&layout=list&num=50 | * https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B8XXo8Tve1cxZWM2ZDQzYzktMjhmMi00ZmVhLTg5N2MtZjlhYTg5OWQzNzdi&sort=name&layout=list&num=50 | ||
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2013년 4월 7일 (일) 04:12 판
개요
- 평면 상의 곡선이 \((f(v), g(v))\) 로 매개화될 때, x축 또는 y축을 기준으로 회전하여 얻어지는 곡면
- 3차원상에 놓여 있는 매개화된 곡면을 얻는다
- y축에 대하여 회전하는 경우, 매개화는 \(\mathbf{x}(u,v)=(f(v) \cos (u),f(v) \sin (u),g(v))\) 로 주어진다
예
곡선
를 y축에 대하여 회전하여 곡면
를 얻는다
제1기본형식
- 곡면의 매개화가 \(\mathbf{x}(u,v)=(f(v) \cos (u),f(v) \sin (u),g(v))\) 로 주어졌다고 하자
- \(E=f(v)^2\)
- \(F=0\)
- \(G=f'(v)^2+g'(v)^2\)
크리스토펠 기호
\[\begin{array}{ll} \Gamma _{11}^1 & 0 \\ \Gamma _{12}^1 & \frac{f'(v)}{f(v)} \\ \Gamma _{21}^1 & \frac{f'(v)}{f(v)} \\ \Gamma _{22}^1 & 0 \\ \Gamma _{11}^2 & -\frac{f(v) f'(v)}{f'(v)^2+g'(v)^2} \\ \Gamma _{12}^2 & 0 \\ \Gamma _{21}^2 & 0 \\ \Gamma _{22}^2 & \frac{f'(v) f''(v)+g'(v) g''(v)}{f'(v)^2+g'(v)^2} \end{array}\]
리만 곡률 텐서
\[\begin{array}{ll} \begin{array}{ll} R_{111}^1 & 0 \\ R_{112}^1 & 0 \end{array} & \begin{array}{ll} R_{121}^1 & 0 \\ R_{122}^1 & 0 \end{array} \\ \begin{array}{ll} R_{211}^1 & 0 \\ R_{212}^1 & \frac{g'(v) \left(f'(v) g''(v)-f''(v) g'(v)\right)}{f(v) \left(f'(v)^2+g'(v)^2\right)} \end{array} & \begin{array}{ll} R_{221}^1 & \frac{g'(v) \left(f''(v) g'(v)-f'(v) g''(v)\right)}{f(v) \left(f'(v)^2+g'(v)^2\right)} \\ R_{222}^1 & 0 \end{array} \\ \begin{array}{ll} R_{111}^2 & 0 \\ R_{112}^2 & \frac{f(v) g'(v) \left(f''(v) g'(v)-f'(v) g''(v)\right)}{\left(f'(v)^2+g'(v)^2\right)^2} \end{array} & \begin{array}{ll} R_{121}^2 & \frac{f(v) g'(v) \left(f'(v) g''(v)-f''(v) g'(v)\right)}{\left(f'(v)^2+g'(v)^2\right)^2} \\ R_{122}^2 & 0 \end{array} \\ \begin{array}{ll} R_{211}^2 & 0 \\ R_{212}^2 & 0 \end{array} & \begin{array}{ll} R_{221}^2 & 0 \\ R_{222}^2 & 0 \end{array} \end{array}\]
가우스 곡률
\[K=\frac{g'(v) \left(f'(v) g''(v)-f''(v) g'(v)\right)}{f(v) \left(f'(v)^2+g'(v)^2\right)^2}\]
역사
- http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&tbs=tl:1&q=
- Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics
- Earliest Uses of Various Mathematical Symbols
- 수학사 연표
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