"앤드류스-고든 항등식(Andrews-Gordon identity)"의 두 판 사이의 차이

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(사용자 2명의 중간 판 44개는 보이지 않습니다)
1번째 줄: 1번째 줄:
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">이 항목의 스프링노트 원문주소</h5>
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==개요==
  
* [[앤드류스-고든 항등식(Andrews-Gordon identity)]]<br>
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* [[로저스-라마누잔 항등식|로저스-라마누잔 연분수와 항등식]]의 일반화
 +
*  모듈라 성질을 가지며([[모듈라 형식(modular forms)]] 참조), [[Q-초기하급수(q-hypergeometric series)와 양자미적분학(q-calculus)|q-초기하급수(q-hypergeometric series)]] 형태로 표현 가능
 +
*  등각장론에서 c(2, 2k+1) minimal 모형에 의해 주어지는 표현의 캐릭터:<math>\chi_j(\tau)=q^{h_j-c/24}\prod_{n\neq 0,\pm(j+1)}(1-q^n)^{-1}</math>
 +
* [[베일리 사슬(Bailey chain)]],  [[베일리 격자(Bailey lattice)]] 의 방법으로 증명할 수 있다
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==항등식==
  
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">개요</h5>
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*  자연수 <math>k\geq 2</math> , <math>1\leq i \leq k</math>에 대하여, 다음이 성립한다
 +
:<math>\sum_{n_1,\cdots,n_{k-1}\geq0}\frac{q^{N_1^2+\cdots+N_{k-1}^2+N_i+\cdots+N_{k-1}}}{(q)_{n_1}...(q)_{n_{k-1}}}=\prod_{r\neq 0,\pm i \pmod {2k+1}}\frac{1}{1-q^r} </math>
 +
여기서 <math>j\leq k-1</math>이면 <math>N_j=n_j+\cdots+n_{k-1}</math> , <math>j=k</math>이면 <math>N_j=0</math>
 +
*  여러 문헌에서 다음과 같이 표현되기도 한다
 +
:<math>\sum_{n_1\geq\cdots\geq n_{k-1}\geq0}\frac{q^{n_1^2+\cdots+n_{k-1}^2+n_i+\cdots+n_{k-1}}}{(q)_{n_{1}-n_{2}}\cdots (q)_{n_{k-2}-n_{k-1}}(q)_{n_{k-1}}}=\prod_{n\neq 0,\pm i\pmod {2k+1}}(1-q^n)^{-1}</math>
  
* [[로저스-라마누잔 항등식|로저스-라마누잔 연분수와 항등식]]의 일반화<br>
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==k=2인 경우 : 로저스-라마누잔 항등식==
  
 
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*  k=2인 경우, [[로저스-라마누잔 항등식|로저스-라마누잔 연분수와 항등식]]을 얻는다
 +
*  i=1인 경우
 +
:<math>H(q) =\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac {q^{n^2+n}} {(q;q)_n} =
 +
\frac {1}{(q^2;q^5)_\infty (q^3; q^5)_\infty}
 +
=1+q^2 +q^3 +q^4+q^5 +2q^6+\cdots</math>
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*  i=2인 경우
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:<math>G(q) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac {q^{n^2}} {(q;q)_n} =
 +
\frac {1}{(q;q^5)_\infty (q^4; q^5)_\infty}
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  =1+ q +q^2 +q^3 +2q^4+2q^5 +3q^6+\cdots</math>
  
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">재미있는 사실</h5>
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* Math Overflow http://mathoverflow.net/search?q=
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==k=3인 경우==
* 네이버 지식인 http://kin.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=kin_qna&query=
 
  
 
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*  i=1인 경우
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:<math>\sum_{n_1,n_{2}\geq0}\frac{q^{n_{1}^2+2n_1n_2+2n_{2}^{2}+n_1+2n_2}}{(q)_{n_1}(q)_{n_{2}}}=\prod_{r\neq 0,\pm 1 \pmod {7}}\frac{1}{1-q^r}=\frac{(q;q^7)_\infty (q^6; q^7)_\infty(q^7;q^7)_\infty}{(q)_\infty}</math>
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*  i=2인 경우
 +
:<math>\sum_{n_1,n_{2}\geq0}\frac{q^{n_{1}^2+2n_1n_2+2n_{2}^{2}+n_2}}{(q)_{n_1}(q)_{n_{2}}}=\prod_{r\neq 0,\pm 2 \pmod {7}}\frac{1}{1-q^r}=\frac{(q^2;q^7)_\infty (q^5; q^7)_\infty(q^7;q^7)_\infty}{(q)_\infty}</math>
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*  i=3인 경우
 +
:<math>\sum_{n_1,n_{2}\geq0}\frac{q^{n_{1}^2+2n_1n_2+2n_{2}^{2}}}{(q)_{n_1}(q)_{n_{2}}}=\prod_{r\neq 0,\pm 3 \pmod {7}}\frac{1}{1-q^r}=\frac{(q^3;q^7)_\infty (q^4; q^7)_\infty(q^7;q^7)_\infty}{(q)_\infty}</math>
  
 
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<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">역사</h5>
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==k=4인 경우==
 +
* k=4, i=3인 경우 [http://oeis.org/A000726 A000726]
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:<math>\frac{q^{n_1^2+2 n_2 n_1+2 n_3 n_1+2 n_2^2+3 n_3^2+4 n_2 n_3+n_3}}{(q)_{n_1} (q)_{n_2} (q)_{n_3}}=\prod_{r\neq 0,\pm 3 \pmod {9}}\frac{1}{1-q^r}=1+q+2 q^2+2 q^3+4 q^4+5 q^5+7 q^6+9 q^7+13 q^8+16 q^9+22 q^{10}+O(q^11)</math>  
  
 
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* http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&tbs=tl:1&q=
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==얻어지는 이차형식==
* [[수학사연표 (역사)|수학사연표]]
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* <math>k=2</math>, <math>n_{1}^{2}</math>
*  
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* <math>k=3</math>, <math>(n_{1}+n_{2})^{2}+n_{2}^{2}</math>
 +
* <math>k=4</math>, <math>(n_{1}+n_{2}+n_{3})^{2}+(n_{2}+n_{3})^{2}+n_{3}^{2}</math>
 +
* <math>k=5</math>, <math>(n_{1}+n_{2}+n_{3}+n_{4})^{2}+(n_{2}+n_{3}+n_{4})^{2}+(n_{3}+n_{4})^{2}+n_{4}^{2}</math>
 +
** 이차형식에 대응되는 행렬은 다음과 같이 주어진다
 +
:<math>
 +
\left(
 +
\begin{array}{cccc}
 +
1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
 +
1 & 2 & 2 & 2 \\
 +
1 & 2 & 3 & 3 \\
 +
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 \\
 +
\end{array}
 +
\right)
 +
</math>
 +
* 이는 [[양의 정부호 행렬(positive definite matrix)]]의 예이다
 +
  
 
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==역사==
  
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">메모</h5>
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*  1961 고든
 +
* http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&tbs=tl:1&q=ramanujan+gordon+andrews
 +
* [[수학사 연표]]
 +
  
 
+
  
 
+
  
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">관련된 항목들</h5>
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==메모==
  
 
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<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">수학용어번역</h5>
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==관련된 항목들==
  
* 단어사전 http://www.google.com/dictionary?langpair=en|ko&q=
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* [[다이로그 항등식 (dilogarithm identities)]]
* 발음사전 http://www.forvo.com/search/
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* [[정다각형의 대각선의 길이]]
* [http://mathnet.kaist.ac.kr/mathnet/math_list.php?mode=list&ftype=&fstr= 대한수학회 수학 학술 용어집]<br>
+
* [[베일리 격자(Bailey lattice)]]
** http://mathnet.kaist.ac.kr/mathnet/math_list.php?mode=list&ftype=eng_term&fstr=
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* [[베일리 사슬(Bailey chain)]]
* [http://www.nktech.net/science/term/term_l.jsp?l_mode=cate&s_code_cd=MA 남·북한수학용어비교]
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* [http://kms.or.kr/home/kor/board/bulletin_list_subject.asp?bulletinid=%7BD6048897-56F9-43D7-8BB6-50B362D1243A%7D&boardname=%BC%F6%C7%D0%BF%EB%BE%EE%C5%E4%B7%D0%B9%E6&globalmenu=7&localmenu=4 대한수학회 수학용어한글화 게시판]
 
  
 
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==매스매티카 파일 및 계산 리소스==
 +
* https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B8XXo8Tve1cxUFkzQXUyeXNMTHc/edit
 +
  
 
 
  
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">사전 형태의 자료</h5>
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==사전 형태의 자료==
  
 
* http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/
 
* http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/
 
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
 
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
 
* http://www.proofwiki.org/wiki/
 
* http://www.proofwiki.org/wiki/
* http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=
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* http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Andrews-GordonIdentity.html
* [http://dlmf.nist.gov/ NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions]
 
* [http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/index.html The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences]<br>
 
** http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/?q=
 
  
 
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<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">관련논문</h5>
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==관련논문==
 +
* Kazakov, Vladimir, Sebastien Leurent, and Dmytro Volin. “T-System on T-Hook: Grassmannian Solution and Twisted Quantum Spectral Curve.” arXiv:1510.02100 [hep-Th, Physics:math-Ph], October 7, 2015. http://arxiv.org/abs/1510.02100.
 +
* Larson, Hannah. “Generalized Andrews-Gordon Identities.” arXiv:1506.05063 [math], June 16, 2015. http://arxiv.org/abs/1506.05063.
 +
* Capparelli, S., J. Lepowsky, and A. Milas. 2006. “The Rogers-Selberg Recursions, the Gordon-Andrews Identities and Intertwining Operators.” The Ramanujan Journal. An International Journal Devoted to the Areas of Mathematics Influenced by Ramanujan 12 (3): 379–397. doi:10.1007/s11139-006-0150-7.
 +
* Richmond, Bruce, and George Szekeres. 1981. “Some Formulas Related to Dilogarithms, the Zeta Function and the Andrews-Gordon Identities.” Australian Mathematical Society. Journal. Series A 31 (3): 362–373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1446788700019492
 +
* Andrews, George E. 1974. “A General Theory of Identities of the Rogers-Ramanujan Type.” Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 80: 1033–1052. http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.bams/1183536000
 +
* Andrews, George E. 1974. On the General Rogers-Ramanujan Theorem. Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society. http://www.math.psu.edu/andrews/pdf/58.pdf
 +
**  Andrews, G. E. Providence, RI: Amer. Math. Soc., 1974.
 +
* G. Andrews, An analytic generalization of the Rogers–Ramanujan identities for odd moduli, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71 (1974), 4082–4085. http://www.pnas.org/content/71/10/4082.short
 +
* Gordon, Basil. 1961. “A Combinatorial Generalization of the Rogers-Ramanujan Identities.” American Journal of Mathematics 83: 393–399. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2372962
  
* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11139-006-0150-7 The Rogers–Selberg recursions, the Gordon–Andrews identities and intertwining operators]<br>
+
[[분류:q-급수]]
** Stefano Capparelli, James Lepowsky, Antun Milas, 2004
 
* http://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=
 
* http://www.ams.org/mathscinet
 
* http://dx.doi.org/
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">관련도서</h5>
 
 
 
*  도서내검색<br>
 
** http://books.google.com/books?q=
 
** http://book.daum.net/search/contentSearch.do?query=
 
*  도서검색<br>
 
** http://books.google.com/books?q=
 
** http://book.daum.net/search/mainSearch.do?query=
 
** http://book.daum.net/search/mainSearch.do?query=
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">관련기사</h5>
 
 
 
*  네이버 뉴스 검색 (키워드 수정)<br>
 
** http://news.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=news&x=0&y=0&sm=tab_hty&query=
 
** http://news.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=news&x=0&y=0&sm=tab_hty&query=
 
** http://news.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=news&x=0&y=0&sm=tab_hty&query=
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">블로그</h5>
 
 
 
*  구글 블로그 검색<br>
 
** http://blogsearch.google.com/blogsearch?q=
 
* [http://navercast.naver.com/science/list 네이버 오늘의과학]
 
* [http://www.ams.org/mathmoments/ Mathematical Moments from the AMS]
 
* [http://betterexplained.com/ BetterExplained]
 

2020년 12월 28일 (월) 02:42 기준 최신판

개요



항등식

  • 자연수 \(k\geq 2\) , \(1\leq i \leq k\)에 대하여, 다음이 성립한다

\[\sum_{n_1,\cdots,n_{k-1}\geq0}\frac{q^{N_1^2+\cdots+N_{k-1}^2+N_i+\cdots+N_{k-1}}}{(q)_{n_1}...(q)_{n_{k-1}}}=\prod_{r\neq 0,\pm i \pmod {2k+1}}\frac{1}{1-q^r} \] 여기서 \(j\leq k-1\)이면 \(N_j=n_j+\cdots+n_{k-1}\) , \(j=k\)이면 \(N_j=0\)

  • 여러 문헌에서 다음과 같이 표현되기도 한다

\[\sum_{n_1\geq\cdots\geq n_{k-1}\geq0}\frac{q^{n_1^2+\cdots+n_{k-1}^2+n_i+\cdots+n_{k-1}}}{(q)_{n_{1}-n_{2}}\cdots (q)_{n_{k-2}-n_{k-1}}(q)_{n_{k-1}}}=\prod_{n\neq 0,\pm i\pmod {2k+1}}(1-q^n)^{-1}\]



k=2인 경우 : 로저스-라마누잔 항등식

\[H(q) =\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac {q^{n^2+n}} {(q;q)_n} = \frac {1}{(q^2;q^5)_\infty (q^3; q^5)_\infty} =1+q^2 +q^3 +q^4+q^5 +2q^6+\cdots\]

  • i=2인 경우

\[G(q) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac {q^{n^2}} {(q;q)_n} = \frac {1}{(q;q^5)_\infty (q^4; q^5)_\infty} =1+ q +q^2 +q^3 +2q^4+2q^5 +3q^6+\cdots\]



k=3인 경우

  • i=1인 경우

\[\sum_{n_1,n_{2}\geq0}\frac{q^{n_{1}^2+2n_1n_2+2n_{2}^{2}+n_1+2n_2}}{(q)_{n_1}(q)_{n_{2}}}=\prod_{r\neq 0,\pm 1 \pmod {7}}\frac{1}{1-q^r}=\frac{(q;q^7)_\infty (q^6; q^7)_\infty(q^7;q^7)_\infty}{(q)_\infty}\]

  • i=2인 경우

\[\sum_{n_1,n_{2}\geq0}\frac{q^{n_{1}^2+2n_1n_2+2n_{2}^{2}+n_2}}{(q)_{n_1}(q)_{n_{2}}}=\prod_{r\neq 0,\pm 2 \pmod {7}}\frac{1}{1-q^r}=\frac{(q^2;q^7)_\infty (q^5; q^7)_\infty(q^7;q^7)_\infty}{(q)_\infty}\]

  • i=3인 경우

\[\sum_{n_1,n_{2}\geq0}\frac{q^{n_{1}^2+2n_1n_2+2n_{2}^{2}}}{(q)_{n_1}(q)_{n_{2}}}=\prod_{r\neq 0,\pm 3 \pmod {7}}\frac{1}{1-q^r}=\frac{(q^3;q^7)_\infty (q^4; q^7)_\infty(q^7;q^7)_\infty}{(q)_\infty}\]


k=4인 경우

\[\frac{q^{n_1^2+2 n_2 n_1+2 n_3 n_1+2 n_2^2+3 n_3^2+4 n_2 n_3+n_3}}{(q)_{n_1} (q)_{n_2} (q)_{n_3}}=\prod_{r\neq 0,\pm 3 \pmod {9}}\frac{1}{1-q^r}=1+q+2 q^2+2 q^3+4 q^4+5 q^5+7 q^6+9 q^7+13 q^8+16 q^9+22 q^{10}+O(q^11)\]


얻어지는 이차형식

  • \(k=2\), \(n_{1}^{2}\)
  • \(k=3\), \((n_{1}+n_{2})^{2}+n_{2}^{2}\)
  • \(k=4\), \((n_{1}+n_{2}+n_{3})^{2}+(n_{2}+n_{3})^{2}+n_{3}^{2}\)
  • \(k=5\), \((n_{1}+n_{2}+n_{3}+n_{4})^{2}+(n_{2}+n_{3}+n_{4})^{2}+(n_{3}+n_{4})^{2}+n_{4}^{2}\)
    • 이차형식에 대응되는 행렬은 다음과 같이 주어진다

\[ \left( \begin{array}{cccc} 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 2 & 2 & 2 \\ 1 & 2 & 3 & 3 \\ 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 \\ \end{array} \right) \]



역사



메모

관련된 항목들


매스매티카 파일 및 계산 리소스


사전 형태의 자료



관련논문

  • Kazakov, Vladimir, Sebastien Leurent, and Dmytro Volin. “T-System on T-Hook: Grassmannian Solution and Twisted Quantum Spectral Curve.” arXiv:1510.02100 [hep-Th, Physics:math-Ph], October 7, 2015. http://arxiv.org/abs/1510.02100.
  • Larson, Hannah. “Generalized Andrews-Gordon Identities.” arXiv:1506.05063 [math], June 16, 2015. http://arxiv.org/abs/1506.05063.
  • Capparelli, S., J. Lepowsky, and A. Milas. 2006. “The Rogers-Selberg Recursions, the Gordon-Andrews Identities and Intertwining Operators.” The Ramanujan Journal. An International Journal Devoted to the Areas of Mathematics Influenced by Ramanujan 12 (3): 379–397. doi:10.1007/s11139-006-0150-7.
  • Richmond, Bruce, and George Szekeres. 1981. “Some Formulas Related to Dilogarithms, the Zeta Function and the Andrews-Gordon Identities.” Australian Mathematical Society. Journal. Series A 31 (3): 362–373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1446788700019492
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