"Q-초기하급수(q-hypergeometric series)와 양자미적분학(q-calculus)"의 두 판 사이의 차이
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==q-초기하급수에 대한 오일러공식== | ==q-초기하급수에 대한 오일러공식== | ||
− | + | * [[오일러의 q-초기하급수에 대한 무한곱 공식]] | |
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:<math>\prod_{n=0}^{\infty}(1+zq^n)=1+\sum_{n\geq 1}\frac{q^{n(n-1)/2}}{(1-q)(1-q^2)\cdots(1-q^n)} z^n</math> | :<math>\prod_{n=0}^{\infty}(1+zq^n)=1+\sum_{n\geq 1}\frac{q^{n(n-1)/2}}{(1-q)(1-q^2)\cdots(1-q^n)} z^n</math> | ||
:<math>\prod_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{1-zq^n}=1+\sum_{n\geq 1}\frac{1}{(1-q)(1-q^2)\cdots(1-q^n)} z^n</math><br> | :<math>\prod_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{1-zq^n}=1+\sum_{n\geq 1}\frac{1}{(1-q)(1-q^2)\cdots(1-q^n)} z^n</math><br> | ||
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==삼중곱 공식== | ==삼중곱 공식== | ||
− | + | * [[자코비 삼중곱(Jacobi triple product)]] | |
− | * [[자코비 | + | :<math>\sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty z^{n}q^{n^2}= \prod_{m=1}^\infty \left( 1 - q^{2m}\right) \left( 1 + zq^{2m-1}\right) \left( 1 + z^{-1}q^{2m-1}\right)</math><br> |
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==관련된 항목들== | ==관련된 항목들== | ||
− | * [[로저스-라마누잔 | + | * [[로저스-라마누잔 항등식]]<br> |
* [[자코비 세타함수]]<br> | * [[자코비 세타함수]]<br> | ||
* [[데데킨트 에타함수]]<br> | * [[데데킨트 에타함수]]<br> | ||
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==사전 형태의 자료== | ==사전 형태의 자료== | ||
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_hypergeometric_series | * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_hypergeometric_series | ||
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q-analog | * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q-analog | ||
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q-derivative | * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q-derivative | ||
− | * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_calculus | + | * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_calculus |
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− | + | ==리뷰논문, 에세이, 강의노트== | |
− | * | + | * George E. Andrews[http://www.ams.org/bull/2007-44-04/S0273-0979-07-01180-9/ Euler's "De Partitio Numerorum"], Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 44 (2007), 561-573. |
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* Koornwinder, Tom H. 1996. “Special functions and q-commuting variables”. <em>q-alg/9608008</em> (8월 13). http://arxiv.org/abs/q-alg/9608008 | * Koornwinder, Tom H. 1996. “Special functions and q-commuting variables”. <em>q-alg/9608008</em> (8월 13). http://arxiv.org/abs/q-alg/9608008 | ||
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=RuUbBajmhgwC&pg=PA13&hl=ko&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=9#v=onepage&q=&f=false A brief introduction to the world of q] , R Askey (in Symmetries and integrability of difference equations), 1996 | * [http://books.google.com/books?id=RuUbBajmhgwC&pg=PA13&hl=ko&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=9#v=onepage&q=&f=false A brief introduction to the world of q] , R Askey (in Symmetries and integrability of difference equations), 1996 | ||
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==관련논문== | ==관련논문== | ||
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1016081 Applications of Basic Hypergeometric Functions]<br> | * [http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1016081 Applications of Basic Hypergeometric Functions]<br> | ||
** George E. Andrews, SIAM Rev. Volume 16, Issue 4, pp. 441-484 (October 1974) | ** George E. Andrews, SIAM Rev. Volume 16, Issue 4, pp. 441-484 (October 1974) | ||
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1016081 Applications of Basic Hypergeometric Functions]<br> | * [http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1016081 Applications of Basic Hypergeometric Functions]<br> | ||
** George E. Andrews, SIAM Rev. Volume 16, Issue 4, pp. 441-484 (October 1974) | ** George E. Andrews, SIAM Rev. Volume 16, Issue 4, pp. 441-484 (October 1974) | ||
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==관련도서== | ==관련도서== | ||
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* [http://books.google.com/books?id=31l4uC7lqGAC&dq=Gasper,+George;+Rahman,+Mizan+%282004%29,+Basic+hypergeometric+series Basic hypergeometric series]<br> | * [http://books.google.com/books?id=31l4uC7lqGAC&dq=Gasper,+George;+Rahman,+Mizan+%282004%29,+Basic+hypergeometric+series Basic hypergeometric series]<br> | ||
** Gasper, George; Rahman, Mizan (2004) | ** Gasper, George; Rahman, Mizan (2004) | ||
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* [http://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Calculus-Victor-Kac/dp/0387953418 Quantum calculus]<br> | * [http://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Calculus-Victor-Kac/dp/0387953418 Quantum calculus]<br> | ||
** Victor Kac, Pokman Cheung, Universitext, Springer-Verlag, 2002 | ** Victor Kac, Pokman Cheung, Universitext, Springer-Verlag, 2002 | ||
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* [http://books.google.com/books?id=6aPO5PUh4qAC&dq=q-series:+their+development+and+application+in+analysis,+number+theory,+combinatorics,+physics,+and+computer+algebra&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=s16bchosJl&sig=v3Dzc5hQScB6_TSQljbspGsa-xM&hl=ko&ei=B6CgSsTLE478sgOyhoGNDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false q-series: their development and application in analysis, number theory, combinatorics, physics, and computer algebra]<br> | * [http://books.google.com/books?id=6aPO5PUh4qAC&dq=q-series:+their+development+and+application+in+analysis,+number+theory,+combinatorics,+physics,+and+computer+algebra&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=s16bchosJl&sig=v3Dzc5hQScB6_TSQljbspGsa-xM&hl=ko&ei=B6CgSsTLE478sgOyhoGNDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false q-series: their development and application in analysis, number theory, combinatorics, physics, and computer algebra]<br> | ||
** George E. Andrews, AMS Bookstore, 1986 | ** George E. Andrews, AMS Bookstore, 1986 | ||
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* [http://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Calculus-Victor-Kac/dp/0387953418 Quantum calculus]<br> | * [http://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Calculus-Victor-Kac/dp/0387953418 Quantum calculus]<br> | ||
** Victor Kac, Pokman Cheung, Universitext, Springer-Verlag, 2002 | ** Victor Kac, Pokman Cheung, Universitext, Springer-Verlag, 2002 | ||
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* [http://books.google.com/books?id=6aPO5PUh4qAC&dq=q-series:+their+development+and+application+in+analysis,+number+theory,+combinatorics,+physics,+and+computer+algebra&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=s16bchosJl&sig=v3Dzc5hQScB6_TSQljbspGsa-xM&hl=ko&ei=B6CgSsTLE478sgOyhoGNDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false q-series: their development and application in analysis, number theory, combinatorics, physics, and computer algebra]<br> | * [http://books.google.com/books?id=6aPO5PUh4qAC&dq=q-series:+their+development+and+application+in+analysis,+number+theory,+combinatorics,+physics,+and+computer+algebra&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=s16bchosJl&sig=v3Dzc5hQScB6_TSQljbspGsa-xM&hl=ko&ei=B6CgSsTLE478sgOyhoGNDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false q-series: their development and application in analysis, number theory, combinatorics, physics, and computer algebra]<br> | ||
** George E. Andrews, AMS Bookstore, 1986 | ** George E. Andrews, AMS Bookstore, 1986 | ||
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** [http://www.math.upenn.edu/%7Ewilf/AeqB.html http://www.math.upenn.edu/~wilf/AeqB.html] | ** [http://www.math.upenn.edu/%7Ewilf/AeqB.html http://www.math.upenn.edu/~wilf/AeqB.html] | ||
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[[분류:q-급수]] | [[분류:q-급수]] |
2013년 3월 14일 (목) 09:10 판
개요
q의 의미
- 양자를 뜻하는 quantum의 첫글자
- 극한 \(q \to 1\)로 갈 때, 고전적인 경우를 다시 얻게 된다
- h를 파라메터로 사용하는 경우(플랑크상수에서 빌려옴), 극한 \(h \to 0\)를 통하여 고전적인 경우를 얻고, \(q=e^h\)를 만족시킨다
- 유한체의 원소의 개수를 보통 q로 나타냄
실수의 q-analogue
- 실수 \(\alpha\)에 대하여 다음과 같이 정의\[[\alpha]_q =\frac{1-q^{\alpha}}{1-q} \]
- 극한 \(q \to 1\)\[\frac{1-q^{\alpha}}{1-q} \to \alpha\]
q-차분연산자
- 미분에 대응\[D_qf(x)=\frac{f(x)-f(qx)}{x-qx}=\frac{f(x)-f(qx)}{(1-q)x}\]
basic 초기하급수 (q-초기하급수)
- 초기하급수의 q-analogue
\[_{j}\phi_k \left[\begin{matrix} a_1 & a_2 & \ldots & a_{j} \\ b_1 & b_2 & \ldots & b_k \end{matrix} ; q,z \right]=\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac {(a_1;q)_n(a_2;q)_n\cdots (a_{j};q)_n} {(q;q)_n(b_1;q)_n,\cdots (b_k,q)_n} \left((-1)^nq^{n\choose 2}\right)^{1+k-j}z^n\]
- q-초기하급수 또는 basic 초기하급수로 불림
- 오일러의 분할수에 대한 연구에서 다음과 같은 등식이 얻어짐 \[\sum_{n=0}^\infty p(n)q^n = \prod_{n=1}^\infty \frac {1}{1-q^n} = \prod_{n=1}^\infty (1-q^n)^{-1} =1+\sum_{n=1}\frac{q^n}{(1-q)(1-q^2)\cdots(1-q^n)}\]
- 로저스-라마누잔 연분수와 항등식 을 이해하는 틀을 제공
q-초기하급수에 대한 오일러공식
\[\prod_{n=0}^{\infty}(1+zq^n)=1+\sum_{n\geq 1}\frac{q^{n(n-1)/2}}{(1-q)(1-q^2)\cdots(1-q^n)} z^n\]
\[\prod_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{1-zq^n}=1+\sum_{n\geq 1}\frac{1}{(1-q)(1-q^2)\cdots(1-q^n)} z^n\]
q-초기하급수의 예
- q-이항정리\[\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{(a;q)_n}{(q;q)_n}z^n=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{(1-a)^q_n}{(1-q)^q_n}z^n=\frac{(az;q)_{\infty}}{(z;q)_{\infty}}=\prod_{n=0}^\infty \frac {1-aq^n z}{1-q^n z}, |z|<1\]
- 로저스-라마누잔 연분수와 항등식의 중요한 예\[R(z)=1+\sum_{n\geq 1}\frac{z^nq^{n^2}}{(1-q)\cdots(1-q^n)}=\sum_{n\geq 0}\frac{z^nq^{n^2}}{(1-q)_q^n}\]\[H(q)=R(q)\]\[G(q)=R(1)\]
- \(j=k=0\), \(z=-q^{\frac{1}{2}}\) 인 경우
\[G(q) =1+ \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac {q^{n^2}} {(q;q)_n} = \frac {1}{(q;q^5)_\infty (q^4; q^5)_\infty} =1+ q +q^2 +q^3 +2q^4+2q^5 +3q^6+\cdots\]
- \(j=k=0\), \(z=-q^{\frac{3}{2}}\) 인 경우\[H(q) =1+\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac {q^{n^2+n}} {(q;q)_n} = \frac {1}{(q^2;q^5)_\infty (q^3; q^5)_\infty} =1+q^2 +q^3 +q^4+q^5 +2q^6+\cdots\]
삼중곱 공식
\[\sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty z^{n}q^{n^2}= \prod_{m=1}^\infty \left( 1 - q^{2m}\right) \left( 1 + zq^{2m-1}\right) \left( 1 + z^{-1}q^{2m-1}\right)\]
Heine's theorem
역사
- http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&tbs=tl:1&q=Kummel+nome
- http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&tbs=tl:1&q=
- 수학사 연표
메모
관련된 항목들
수학용어번역
사전 형태의 자료
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_hypergeometric_series
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q-analog
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q-derivative
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_calculus
리뷰논문, 에세이, 강의노트
- George E. AndrewsEuler's "De Partitio Numerorum", Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 44 (2007), 561-573.
- Koornwinder, Tom H. 1996. “Special functions and q-commuting variables”. q-alg/9608008 (8월 13). http://arxiv.org/abs/q-alg/9608008
- A brief introduction to the world of q , R Askey (in Symmetries and integrability of difference equations), 1996
관련논문
- Applications of Basic Hypergeometric Functions
- George E. Andrews, SIAM Rev. Volume 16, Issue 4, pp. 441-484 (October 1974)
- Rogers-Ramanujan-Slater Type identities
- McLaughlin, 2008
- McLaughlin, 2008
- The history of q-calculus and a new method
- T Ernst
- A method for q-calculus
- T Ernst, Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics, 2003
- Elementary derivations of summations and transformation formulas for q-series
- George Gasper Jr, 1996
- Applications of Basic Hypergeometric Functions
- George E. Andrews, SIAM Rev. Volume 16, Issue 4, pp. 441-484 (October 1974)
관련도서
- Basic hypergeometric series
- Gasper, George; Rahman, Mizan (2004)
- Quantum calculus
- Victor Kac, Pokman Cheung, Universitext, Springer-Verlag, 2002
- q-series: their development and application in analysis, number theory, combinatorics, physics, and computer algebra
- George E. Andrews, AMS Bookstore, 1986
- Quantum calculus
- Victor Kac, Pokman Cheung, Universitext, Springer-Verlag, 2002
- q-series: their development and application in analysis, number theory, combinatorics, physics, and computer algebra
- George E. Andrews, AMS Bookstore, 1986
- Basic hypergeometric series
- Gasper, George; Rahman, Mizan (2004),
- A=B
- Marko Petkovsek, Herbert Wilf and Doron Zeilberger, AK Peters, Ltd, 1996-1
- http://www.math.upenn.edu/~wilf/AeqB.html