"오일러-가우스 초기하함수2F1"의 두 판 사이의 차이
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* https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B8XXo8Tve1cxWFFlaHc2OVdQLXc/edit | * https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B8XXo8Tve1cxWFFlaHc2OVdQLXc/edit | ||
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==리뷰논문, 에세이, 강의노트== | ==리뷰논문, 에세이, 강의노트== | ||
− | + | * '''[Nes2002]'''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Up-XxkiTtdsC&pg=PA148&lpg=PA148&dq=On+the+Algebraic+Independence+of+Numbers+Yu.V.+Nesterenko&source=bl&ots=yOVhiH5ukL&sig=x0GqVIluMqw-_Iaf3tXtKxam50Q&hl=ko&ei=KIwRTPiwB4rcNcSE8ccF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=On%20the%20Algebraic%20Independence%20of%20Numbers%20Yu.V.%20Nesterenko&f=false On the Algebraic Independence of Numbers]<br> | |
+ | ** Yu.V. Nesterenko, in <em style="">A panorama in number theory, or, The view from Baker's garden</em> (by Alan Baker,Gisbert Wüstholz), 2002<br> | ||
* [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2975319 On the Kummer Solutions of the Hypergeometric Equation]<br> | * [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2975319 On the Kummer Solutions of the Hypergeometric Equation]<br> | ||
** Reese T. Prosser, <cite style="line-height: 2em;">The American Mathematical Monthly</cite>, Vol. 101, No. 6 (Jun. - Jul., 1994), pp. 535-543 | ** Reese T. Prosser, <cite style="line-height: 2em;">The American Mathematical Monthly</cite>, Vol. 101, No. 6 (Jun. - Jul., 1994), pp. 535-543 | ||
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/RM1990v045n01ABEH002325 Ramanujan and hypergeometric and basic hypergeometric series]<br> | * [http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/RM1990v045n01ABEH002325 Ramanujan and hypergeometric and basic hypergeometric series]<br> | ||
** R Askey 1990 Russ. Math. Surv. 45 37-86 | ** R Askey 1990 Russ. Math. Surv. 45 37-86 | ||
188번째 줄: | 173번째 줄: | ||
* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-314X%2803%2900042-8 Exceptional sets of hypergeometric series]<br> | * [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-314X%2803%2900042-8 Exceptional sets of hypergeometric series]<br> | ||
** Natália Archinard, Journal of Number Theory Volume 101, Issue 2, August 2003, Pages 244-269<br> | ** Natália Archinard, Journal of Number Theory Volume 101, Issue 2, August 2003, Pages 244-269<br> | ||
− | * | + | * Thorsley, Michael D., and Marita C. Chidichimo. 2001. “An Asymptotic Expansion for the Hypergeometric Function 2F1(a,b;c;x).” Journal of Mathematical Physics 42 (4) (April 1): 1921–1930. doi:doi:10.1063/1.1353185. http://jmp.aip.org/resource/1/jmapaq/v42/i4/p1921_s1 |
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0305004102005923 Special values of the hypergeometric series III]<br> | * [http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0305004102005923 Special values of the hypergeometric series III]<br> | ||
** Joyce, G. S.; Zucker, I. J., Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society (2002), 133 : 213-222 | ** Joyce, G. S.; Zucker, I. J., Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society (2002), 133 : 213-222 | ||
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0305004101005254 Special values of the hypergeometric series II]<br> | * [http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0305004101005254 Special values of the hypergeometric series II]<br> | ||
** Joyce, G. S.; Zucker, I. J., Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society (2001), 131 : 309-319 | ** Joyce, G. S.; Zucker, I. J., Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society (2001), 131 : 309-319 | ||
* Special values of the hypergeometric series<br> | * Special values of the hypergeometric series<br> | ||
** Joyce, G. S.; Zucker, I. J., Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society (1991) volume: 109 issue: 2 page: 257 | ** Joyce, G. S.; Zucker, I. J., Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society (1991) volume: 109 issue: 2 page: 257 | ||
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01393999 Werte hypergeometrischer funktionen]<br> | * [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01393999 Werte hypergeometrischer funktionen]<br> | ||
** Jürgen Wolfart, Inventiones Mathematicae Volume 92, Number 1 / 1988년 2월 | ** Jürgen Wolfart, Inventiones Mathematicae Volume 92, Number 1 / 1988년 2월 | ||
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2013년 3월 16일 (토) 03:11 판
개요
- 초기하급수\[\,_2F_1(a,b;c;z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{(a)_n(b)_n}{(c)_nn!}z^n, |z|<1\]
여기서 \((a)_n=a(a+1)(a+2)...(a+n-1)\)에 대해서는 Pochhammer 기호와 캐츠(Kac) 기호 항목 참조 - 적분표현\[\,_2F_1(a,b;c;z)=\frac{\Gamma(c)}{\Gamma(c-a)\Gamma(a)}\int_0^1t^{a-1}(1-t)^{c-a-1}(1-zt)^{-b}\,dt\]
- 초기하급수의 해석적확장을 통해 얻어진 함수를 초기하함수라 함
- 오일러, 가우스, 쿰머, 리만,슈워츠 등의 연구
초기하급수로 표현되는 함수의 예
- 많은 special function 은 초기하함수의 파라메터를 변화시켜 얻어짐
- 제1종타원적분 K (complete elliptic integral of the first kind)\[K(k) =\frac{\pi}{2}\,_2F_1(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2};1;k^2)\]
- 제2종타원적분 E (complete elliptic integral of the second kind)\[E(k) =\frac{\pi}{2}\,_2F_1(\frac{1}{2},-\frac{1}{2};1;k^2)\]
초기하 미분방정식
- \(w(z)=\,_2F_1(a,b;c;z)\) 는 다음 피카드-Fuchs 형태의 미분방정식의 해가 된다\[z(1-z)\frac{d^2w}{dz^2}+(c-(a+b+1)z)\frac{dw}{dz}-abw = 0\]
- 이 미분방정식을 초기하 미분방정식(Hypergeometric differential equations) 이라 부른다
오일러의 변환 공식
\(_2F_1 (a,b;c;z) = (1-z)^{-a} {}_2F_1 (a, c-b;c ; \frac{z}{z-1})\)
\(_2F_1 (a,b;c;z) = (1-z)^{-b}{}_2F_1(c-a,b;c;\frac{z}{z-1})\)
\(_2F_1 (a,b;c;z) = (1-z)^{c-a-b}{}_2F_1 (c-a, c-b;c ; z)\)
(증명)
다음 적분표현을 활용
\(\,_2F_1(a,b;c;z)=\frac{\Gamma(c)}{\Gamma(c-a)\Gamma(a)}\int_0^1t^{a-1}(1-t)^{c-a-1}(1-zt)^{-b}\,dt\)
위의 우변에서 \(t\to 1-t\), \(t\to \frac{t}{1-z-tz}\), \(t\to \frac{1-t}{1-tz}\)의 변환을 이용하면 항등식이 얻어진다. ■
- http://mathworld.wolfram.com/EulersHypergeometricTransformations.html
- 쿰머의 초기하 미분방정식(Hypergeometric differential equations)에 대한 24개의 해를 표현하는데 사용됨
contiguous 관계
타원적분과 초기하급수
- 제1종타원적분 K (complete elliptic integral of the first kind)\[K(k) =\frac{\pi}{2}\,_2F_1(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2};1;k^2)\]
모듈라 함수와의 관계
- 라마누잔과 파이
- [BB1998]Pi and the AGM
- Jonathan M. Borwein, Peter B. Borwein, Wiley-Interscience (July 13, 1998) 179,180p
- [Nes2002] 159p
슈워츠 s-함수
special values
- Chu-Vandermonde 공식\[\,_2F_1(-n,b;c;1)=\dfrac{(c-b)_{n}}{(c)_{n}}\]
아래 가우스 공식에서 \(a=-n\)인 경우에 얻어진다
- 가우스 공식\[\,_2F_1(a,b;c;1)=\dfrac{\Gamma(c)\,\Gamma(c-a-b)}{\Gamma(c-a)\Gamma(c-b)}\]
- 위의 두 식에 대해서는 초기하 급수의 합공식
- 렘니스케이트(lemniscate) 곡선과 타원적분\[\frac{\pi}{2}\,_2F_1(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2};1;\frac{1}{2})=K(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}})=\frac{1}{4}B(1/4,1/4)=\frac{\Gamma(\frac{1}{4})^2}{4\sqrt{\pi}}=1.8540746773\cdots\]
- http://mathworld.wolfram.com/HypergeometricFunction.html\[_2F_1(\frac{1}{3},\frac{2}{3};\frac{5}{6};\frac{27}{32})=\frac{8}{5}\]\[_2F_1(\frac{1}{4},\frac{1}{2};\frac{3}{4};\frac{80}{81})=\frac{9}{5}\]\[_2F_1(\frac{1}{8},\frac{3}{8};\frac{1}{2};\frac{2400}{2401})=\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{7}\]\[_2F_1(\frac{1}{6},\frac{1}{3};\frac{1}{2};\frac{25}{27})=\frac{3}{4}\sqrt{3}\]\[_2F_1(\frac{1}{6},\frac{1}{2};\frac{2}{3};\frac{125}{128})=\frac{4}{3}\sqrt[6]2\]\[_2F_1(\frac{1}{12},\frac{5}{12};\frac{1}{2};\frac{1323}{1331})=\frac{3}{4}\sqrt[4]{11}\]\[_2F_1(\frac{1}{12},\frac{5}{12};\frac{1}{2};\frac{121}{125})=\frac{\sqrt[6]{2}\sqrt[4]{15}}{4\sqrt{\pi}}\frac{\Gamma(\frac{1}{3})^3}{\Gamma(\frac{1}{4})^2}(1+\sqrt{3})\]
역사
메모
관련된 항목들
매스매티카 파일 및 계산 리소스
사전 형태의 자료
- http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/초기하함수
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hypergeometric_functions
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hypergeometric_identities
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hypergeometric_differential_equation
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frobenius_solution_to_the_hypergeometric_equation
리뷰논문, 에세이, 강의노트
- [Nes2002]On the Algebraic Independence of Numbers
- Yu.V. Nesterenko, in A panorama in number theory, or, The view from Baker's garden (by Alan Baker,Gisbert Wüstholz), 2002
- Yu.V. Nesterenko, in A panorama in number theory, or, The view from Baker's garden (by Alan Baker,Gisbert Wüstholz), 2002
- On the Kummer Solutions of the Hypergeometric Equation
- Reese T. Prosser, The American Mathematical Monthly, Vol. 101, No. 6 (Jun. - Jul., 1994), pp. 535-543
- Ramanujan and hypergeometric and basic hypergeometric series
- R Askey 1990 Russ. Math. Surv. 45 37-86
관련논문
- On the contiguous relations of hypergeometric series
- Medhat A. Rakha, Adel K. Ibrahim, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, Volume 192, Issue 2, 1 August 2006, Pages 396-410
- Transcendence of periods: the state of the art.
- M. Waldschmidt., Pure Appl. Math. Q. 2 (2006), 435-463.
- M. Waldschmidt., Pure Appl. Math. Q. 2 (2006), 435-463.
- Exceptional sets of hypergeometric series
- Natália Archinard, Journal of Number Theory Volume 101, Issue 2, August 2003, Pages 244-269
- Natália Archinard, Journal of Number Theory Volume 101, Issue 2, August 2003, Pages 244-269
- Thorsley, Michael D., and Marita C. Chidichimo. 2001. “An Asymptotic Expansion for the Hypergeometric Function 2F1(a,b;c;x).” Journal of Mathematical Physics 42 (4) (April 1): 1921–1930. doi:doi:10.1063/1.1353185. http://jmp.aip.org/resource/1/jmapaq/v42/i4/p1921_s1
- Special values of the hypergeometric series III
- Joyce, G. S.; Zucker, I. J., Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society (2002), 133 : 213-222
- Special values of the hypergeometric series II
- Joyce, G. S.; Zucker, I. J., Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society (2001), 131 : 309-319
- Special values of the hypergeometric series
- Joyce, G. S.; Zucker, I. J., Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society (1991) volume: 109 issue: 2 page: 257
- Werte hypergeometrischer funktionen
- Jürgen Wolfart, Inventiones Mathematicae Volume 92, Number 1 / 1988년 2월