정수에서의 리만제타함수의 값
간단한 소개
- 홀수인 자연수를 제외한 모든 정수에 대하여 리만제타함수의 값은 닫힌 형태로 알려져 있음.
\(\zeta(2n) =(-1)^{n+1}\frac{B_{2n}(2\pi)^{2n}}{2(2n)!}, n \ge 1\)여기서 \(B_{2n}\)은 베르누이수.
\(\zeta(-n)=-\frac{B_{n+1}}{n+1}, n \ge 1\)
\(\zeta(0)=-\frac{1}{2}\)
증명
\(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^{4}}\) is the Riemann zeta function evaluated for the argument 4, which is given by \(\pi^{4}/90\). (See "Finding Zeta(4)" at Wallis product for a simple though lengthy derivation of \(\zeta(4)\). This fact can also be proven by considering the following contour integral.) \[\oint_{C_{R}}\frac{\pi\cot(\pi z)}{z^{4}}.\] Where \(C_{R}\) is a contour of radius \(R\) around the origin. In the limit, as \(R\) approaches infinity, the integral approaches zero. Using the residue theorem the integral can also be written as a sum of residues at the poles of the integrand. The poles are at zero, the positive and negative integers. The sum of the residues yields precisely twice the desired summation plus the residue at zero. Because the integral approaches zero, the sum of all the residues must be zero. The summation must therefore equal minus one half times the residue at zero. From the series expansion of the cotangent function \[ \cot(x)=\frac{1}{x} - \frac {x}{3} - \frac {x^3} {45} +\ldots, \] we see that the residue at zero is \(-\pi^{4}/45\) which yields the desired result.
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