감마함수
간단한 소개
- \(\Gamma(s) = \int_0^\infty e^{-t} t^{s} \frac{dt}{t}\)
반사공식
- \(\Gamma(1-z) \; \Gamma(z) = {\pi \over \sin{(\pi z)}} \,\!\)
- \(\Gamma\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)=\sqrt{\pi}\)
- 일반적으로
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{\pi}}\Gamma(n+\frac{1}{2})=(\frac{1}{2})_n\)
(증명)
\(\Gamma(n+\frac{1}{2})=\Gamma(\frac{2n+1}{2})=(\frac{2n-1}{2})\Gamma(\frac{2n-1}{2})=(\frac{2n-1}{2})(\frac{2n-3}{2})\Gamma(\frac{2n-3}{2})=(\frac{2n-1}{2})\cdots(\frac{1}{2})\Gamma(\frac{1}{2})=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{3}{2}\cdot\frac{2n-1}{2}\sqrt{\pi}=(\frac{1}{2})_n\sqrt{\pi}\)
\(\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\sin^{2n}\theta{d\theta}= \frac{\sqrt{\pi}\Gamma(n+\frac{1}{2})}{2\Gamma(n+1)}=\frac{\pi}{2}\frac{(\frac{1}{2})_n}{(1)_n}\)
곱셈공식
- \(\Gamma(z) \; \Gamma\left(z + \frac{1}{2}\right) = 2^{\frac{1}{2}-2z} \; \sqrt{2\pi} \; \Gamma(2z) \,\!\)
- \(\Gamma(z) \; \Gamma\left(z + \frac{1}{m}\right) \; \Gamma\left(z + \frac{2}{m}\right) \cdots \Gamma\left(z + \frac{m-1}{m}\right) = (2 \pi)^{(m-1)/2} \; m^{1/2 - mz} \; \Gamma(mz). \,\!\)
Digamma 함수
\(\psi(x) =\frac{d}{dx} \ln{\Gamma(x)}= \frac{\Gamma'(x)}{\Gamma(x)}\)
- 반사공식
\(\psi(1 - x) - \psi(x) = \pi\,\!\cot{ \left ( \pi x \right ) }\)
- 차분방정식
\(\psi(x + 1) = \psi(x) + \frac{1}{x}\)
\(\psi\left(\frac{m}{k}\right) = -\gamma -\ln(2k) -\frac{\pi}{2}\cot\left(\frac{m\pi}{k}\right) +2\sum_{n=1}^{\lceil (k-1)/2\rceil} \cos\left(\frac{2\pi nm}{k} \right) \ln\left(\sin\left(\frac{n\pi}{k}\right)\right)\)
\(\psi(1) = -\gamma\,\!\)
\(\psi\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) = -2\ln{2} - \gamma\)
\(\psi\left(\frac{1}{3}\right) = -\frac{\pi}{2\sqrt{3}} -\frac{3}{2}\ln{3} - \gamma\)
\(\psi\left(\frac{1}{4}\right) = -\frac{\pi}{2} - 3\ln{2} - \gamma\)
\(\psi\left(\frac{1}{6}\right) = -\frac{\pi}{2}\sqrt{3} -2\ln{2} -\frac{3}{2}\ln(3) - \gamma\)
\(\psi\left(\frac{1}{8}\right) = -\frac{\pi}{2} - 4\ln{2} - \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \left\{\pi + \ln(2 + \sqrt{2}) - \ln(2 - \sqrt{2})\right\} - \gamma\)
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관련도서 및 추천도서
- The Gamma Function
- Emil Artin
- 도서내검색
- 도서검색
참고할만한 자료
- http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/감마함수
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/gamma_function
- http://viswiki.com/en/
- http://front.math.ucdavis.edu/search?a=&t=&c=&n=40&s=Listings&q=
- http://www.ams.org/mathscinet/search/publications.html?pg4=AUCN&s4=&co4=AND&pg5=TI&s5=&co5=AND&pg6=PC&s6=&co6=AND&pg7=ALLF&co7=AND&Submit=Search&dr=all&yrop=eq&arg3=&yearRangeFirst=&yearRangeSecond=&pg8=ET&s8=All&s7=
- 다음백과사전 http://enc.daum.net/dic100/search.do?q=
- 대한수학회 수학 학술 용어집
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